31 The government wants to create an _____ to defend freedom, safety, human rights, and democracy.
(A) adaptation (B) allocation (C) alliance (D) appliance
請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題： Communication is crucial for a social species and particularly for human infants who are dependent on others for years.When children start to learn language, they first learn to __41__ words (as well as emotional tones, etc.) and only later produce words or the signs of sign language. There is no good way to __42__ exactly what an infant understands, so almost all of the research has been about what words children produce. As an important first step in producing language,a child must learn to produce the sounds of her language, __43__ she already can perceive. These efforts are known as babbling, and similar practice takes place in the hand movements of children learning signed languages. __44__ the child can produce enough of the basic phonemes of her language, the production of words starts and there is no looking back. The generally accepted __45__ is that a child learns an average of ten new words a day between the ages of 2 and 12. At the beginning, the learning is slower, more like ten words per week. With these early words, the child is able to name her experiences and communicate with her caregivers.
【題組】42 (A) hear (B) plan (C) read (D) tell
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Cheese is a dairy product, derived from milk and produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms. There are hundreds of different types of cheese around the world, and they are made mostly from the milk of cows but also other mammals, including sheep, goats, buffalo, reindeer, camels, and yaks. Cheese also contains water. A soft cheese, like Brie, contains more water than a hard cheese, like Parmesan. Since it contains vitamins and protein, cheese is nutritious,which can be used both as a food itself and in many different types of cooking. Cheese is produced through a process called “fermentation.” The process of making cheese was probably discovered by chance. Ancient people used to make bags, using the skin from an animal’s stomach. When they used these skin bags to carry milk, bacteria from the animal’s skin reacted with the milk. Then the milk was fermented, and the result was cheese. Around 4,000 years ago, people started to breed animals and process their milk. Today, cheese making is a very scientific process. First, the milk that will be used is pasteurized, which means that it is heated to remove all bacteria. Then specially cultivated bacteria, called“cultures,” are added to the milk. The milk is kept fairly warm during this period to help the cultures grow. As they grow,the cultures sometimes release bubbles of carbon dioxide. These bubbles help make the holes in Swiss cheese. Next, as the milk ripens, it forms a solid substance. This substance is called “curd.” The curd is removed, and the water is drained from it. The curd forms the basis of the cheese and may be treated in different ways. Finally, once it is matured and dried,the cheese is ready.
【題組】46 Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(A) The Culture of Cheese. (B) The Nutrition of Cheese. (C) The Birth of Cheese. (D) The Advantage of Cheese.
【題組】49 According to the passage, which of the following does pasteurization require?
(A) Adding cultures. (B) Freezing the milk. (C) Draining the curd. (D) Removing all bacteria.
【題組】50 Which of the following is true according to the passage?
(A) The ripened milk forms a curd that is ready to eat. (B) Parmesan cheese contains more water than Brie cheese. (C) Thousands of years ago people processed their milk by pasteurization. (D) The released bubbles of carbon dioxide form the holes in Swiss cheese.
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