21. Attention, usually referred to as the ________ of processing resources, is the cognitive process
of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things.
(A) application (B) allocation (C) classification (D) integration
22. The shift from offices to kitchen tables among white-collar workers in 2021 seems ________
but indeed the history of home-working suggests some surprising parallels with today.
(A) impracticable (B) unfeasible (C) unprecedented (D) illusionary
23. The accident caused serious ________ for the driver, including needing to go to court for
dangerous driving.
(A) repercussions (B) precipitations (C) endorsements (D) genuflections
24. People who work in a doctor’s office must exercise ________ and keep all patient information
confidential.
(A) irrigation (B) discretion (C) propellant (D) evacuation
25. Classrooms should provide language affordances as opposed to merely offering language input
because affordance is a ________ relationship between an organism and a particular feature of
the environment that signals a possibility for action.
(A) redundant (B) recessive (C) reproachful (D) reciprocal
26. Many western-style fast-food restaurants are ________ in the cities though they haven’t
encroached upon rural areas.
(A) ubiquitous (B) unnatural (C) unique (D) unified
28. The mental lexicon has been characterized ________ as a storehouse, a library, an encyclopedia,
and a computer.
(A) identically (B) irreverently (C) variously (D) voraciously
29. New Zealand’s ________ pandemic border restrictions are to be eased gradually over the year.
(A) stretcher (B) stricture (C) strident (D) stringent
30. A huge jump in energy prices and ________ inflation means that many people are facing a big
rise in the cost of living.
(A) ramble (B) ramp (C) rampage (D) rampant
31. What is the theoretical basis of audio-lingual instruction?
(A) Cognitive psychology, the scientific study of mental processes such as attention, memory,
problem solving, creativity, and reasoning.
(B) Constructivism, which recognizes learners construct new understandings and knowledge,
integrating with what they already know.
(C) Behaviorism, which postulates humans could be trained through repetitive drills and
system of reinforcement.
(D) Gestaltism, which is a theory of perception that was a rejection to the basic principles of
Wilhelm Wundts’ elementalist and structuralist psychology.
32. Concerning phonemic awareness, the task which requires recognizing the common sound in different words, e. g. “Tell me the sound that is the same in bike, book, and bloom.” (/b/), is called _______________. (A) phoneme isolation (B) phoneme identity (C) phoneme categorization (D) phoneme segmentation
33. Which of the following concepts is interpreted as “mentoring” by Coyle and Meyer (2021) in their recent book Beyond CLIL? (A) Problem-solving. (B) Passive learning. (C) Differentiating. (D) Scaffolding.
34. Which of the following refers to a category of long-term memory that involves the recollection
of specific events, situations, and experiences?
(A) Allusive memory.
(C) Semantic memory.
(B) Episodic memory.
(D) Implicit memory.
35. A number of models have been practiced in the U.S. for dealing with nonnative Englishspeaking students in elementary and secondary schools. Which of the following programs is generally considered having pupils in regular content-area classes with no special foreign language instruction? (A) Submersion. (B) Immersion. (C) Sheltered English. (D) Mainstream classes.
36. When a learner said, "I lost my road," his/her teacher responded by saying, "Oh, yeah, I see, you lost your way. And then what happened?" Which of the following feedback types does the teacher's feedback belong to? (A) Recast. (B) Elicitation. (C) Repetition. (D) Metalinguistic feedback.
37. Students are studying different forms of transportation that are used in Taiwan. As part of this
unit of study, they work together to create a semantic map of words associated with
transportation, including words that they have recently learned (e.g. bike, bus, car, train). This
activity is most likely to promote students’ vocabulary development by _______________.
(A) guiding them to discover the multiple meanings of new vocabulary
(B) helping them to categorize, visualize, and remember new vocabulary
(C) providing them with varied reading experiences using the new vocabulary
(D) showing them how structural analysis can be used to determine the meaning of new
vocabulary
38. Students’ spelling confusions relate to elements of sound, pattern, and meaning, three
conceptual tiers of ________ knowledge.
(A) geomorphologic (B) semantic (C) orthographic (D) syntactic
39. Teachers evaluate the students’ performance relative to what they would expect from the
particular group. What type of assessment is it?
(A) Criterion-referenced assessment. (B) Alternative assessment.
(C) Individual-referenced assessment. (D) Norm-referenced assessment.
40. “Students will be able to differentiate between a solid, liquid, and gas.” and “Students will be
able to give examples of changes in states of matter from heating and cooling.” are two
objectives of Mr. Carter’s lesson. He uses flashcards to teach these words and phrases: solid,
liquid, gas, states of matter. What are these words and phrases?
(A) Language of learning. (B) Language for learning.
(C) Language through learning. (D) Translanguage.
III. Cloze Test: Choose the word that best fits the given text.
Question 41-45
Many animals depend upon sound to find food, __41__ predators and communicate with one
another. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their __42__. Some
__43__ by singing more loudly, some change the timing of their calls to occur when fewer people
are driving, others just move to quieter locales.
All of these actions come with significant costs __44__ and scientists have long documented
the ecological damage caused by noise pollution. It has always been __45__, however, that noise is a
problem unique to animals. But a new study has revealed that plants suffer too. 【題組】41. (A) investigate (B) endanger (C) detect (D) stalk
Question 46-50
What happens to someone living in a different culture? The experience can be like riding a
roller coaster. People can experience both __46__ and depression in a very short period. They can
__47__ between loving and hating the new country. Often, but not always, there is an initial period
when newcomers feel enthusiasm and excitement. The cultural differences they experience at first
can be __48__ rather than troubling. At first, there is often a high level of interest and motivation
because the newcomers are eager to become familiar with the new culture. Life seems exciting,
novel, __49__, and stimulating. However, after a while, the newness and strangeness of being in
another country can influence emotions in a __50__ way. They become lonely, homesick, and
helpless in some way. Many people in a new culture do not realize that their problems, feelings, and
mood changes are common. These are common symptoms of culture shock. 【題組】46. (A) allegation (B) infusion (C) elation (D) obligation
IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question.
Question 51-55
It’s natural for parents to want their children to be successful. That’s why so many of us encourage
our kids to study hard and master valuable skills. But research suggests that maybe we should all focus
less on IQ and more on EQ.
Children with higher emotional intelligence are better able to pay attention, are more engaged in
school, have more positive relationships, and are more empathic. They also regulate their behaviors
better and earn higher grades.
There are generally three ways parents handle their kids’ negative emotions. Some, subtly or not
so subtly, push their children to repress sadness and anger. Others model aggression, imposing
authoritarian rules and strict punishments for behavior that strays outside those boundaries. Finally,
some parents teach expression, giving their kids space to talk through their negative emotions.
The secret to raising kids who understand others’ feelings and empathize with them, a family
therapy claims, is to give your children the space to understand and express their own emotions. If you
provide a willing ear to hear about your children’s frustration or fear, they will learn to cope with
emotional pain by expressing it to a loved one, therapist, or even just a journal. And maybe even more
important, they’ll come to understand that the way to react to other people’s negative emotions is to
understand and work through them. 【題組】51. What is this article mainly about?
(A) Dark sides of emotional intelligence.
(B) Differences between EQ and IQ.
(C) Secret to raising emotionally intelligent kids.
(D) Components of emotional intelligence in leadership.
【題組】52. According to this article, what is the benefit of emotional intelligence?
(A) Childhood EQ is linked to higher success during adulthood.
(B) High EQ is linked to high IQ.
(C) Individuals with higher levels of emotional intelligence are less likely to experience
depression.
(D) Individuals with high emotional intelligence are capable of taking responsibility for their
mistakes.
【題組】54. Regarding to dealing with kids’ negative emotions, which type of parents is NOT mentioned in
this article?
(A) The dismissing parents.
(B) The disapproving parents.
(C) The emotional coaches.
(D) The helicopter parents.
【題組】55. Which strategy is suggested in this article?
(A) Model appropriate ways to express feelings.
(B) Boost your child's self-esteem.
(C) Catch kids being good.
(D) Develop problem-solving skills.
Question 56-60
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an
important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the
utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual
decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of
the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Worksheets
require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the
problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the
relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is
assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated
by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the
best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from,
each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decisionmaking procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally
comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at
once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables
with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will
I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an
advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year. A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct
statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. With an appropriate decision, a graduating
student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to
successful career?". 【題組】56. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.
(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.
(C) Research on how people make decisions.
(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making.
【題組】57. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of _______________.
(A) describing a process
(B) classifying types of worksheets
(C) providing historical background
(D) explaining a theory
【題組】58. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?
(A) Listing the consequences of each solution.
(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.
(C) Deciding which consequences are most important.
(D) Writing down all possible solutions.
【題組】59. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that
_______________.
(A) has the fewest variables to consider
(B) uses the most decision worksheets
(C) has the most points assigned to it
(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people
【題組】60. The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once
(lines 18-19) to explain that _______________.
(A) most decisions involve seven steps
(B) human mental capacity has limitations
(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions
(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice
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