With the threat of a pandemic, the most common emotional response is fear. If the threat is eliminated (such as with a vaccine), people may  16  shaking hands or kissing on the cheek. If the perception of threat remains, however, people may be less likely to  17  these behaviors. Over time, we could see a shift in the social norms, where it is more acceptable not to shake hands or refuse a kiss on the cheek. Those of us who have a strong perception of threat will most likely avoid large crowds. The pandemic has also seen people unite for the common good,  18  that be fundraising and volunteering for those affected by the crisis, or increased respect for frontline workers. It would be refreshing if this lasted. The experience of a collective emergency often gives people a greater sense of  19  identity and concern for others. Hopefully, we will be more  20  of what we normally take for granted such as our health and health care workers, our freedom and liberties, and so forth. No matter how bad the circumstance is, we adapt as life continues to be different in a post-Coronavirus world.

   Since many people now value unique life experiences over material goods, visiting the world’s most beautiful locations has become an increasingly common passion. As a result, the tourism industry has been growing at a yearly rate of around 4 percent. Though we may be living in a golden age of travel, mass tourism—and the frequent air travel that goes along with it—could have a severe effect on the environment if left unchecked.

   The millions of feet that trample on the world’s natural wonders can do as much damage in a year as natural causes would in hundreds, not to mention the tons of garbage left by careless tourists. Even more insidious is the larger amount of carbon emissions produced by modern airplanes. In 2018, 4.3 billion passengers traveled by air, which was 38 million more than the previous year. Its effect was once almost negligible, but now air travel accounts for 2 percent of global carbon emissions. 

  For those of us concerned about the environment, what can be done to make sure our travels are as environmentally friendly as possible? Travelers to environmentally vulnerable places must of course take care to limit the direct impact of their visit—that is, do their best to respect local laws and leave no trace. However, even more vital is to carefully research any trip and only choose destinations that have the infrastructure necessary to handle tourism in a sustainable way. If traveling by air is necessary, passengers should pack lightly, which saves on airplane fuel, and whenever possible, fly directly rather than with several layovers. Airplanes use a large amount of their fuel during takeoff, so avoiding multiple stops will considerably reduce a passenger’s personal carbon footprint. Secondly, if you can afford it, take advantage of “carbon offsetting” choices offered by many airlines. This is usually an extra charge that goes toward funding schemes that reduce your carbon footprint, such as forest-planting or clean-energy projects. Traveling the world is something few of us are willing to give up. The least we can do is make sure that our own enjoyment does not make it impossible for the next generation of travelers to enjoy the world.