所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆分子生物學
1. Reverse transcriptases are (A) DNA-dependent DNA polymerases (B) DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (C) RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (D) RNA-dependent RNA polymerases
2. In Western blotting, the purpose for adding milk is to: (A) Fill up holes on the membrane to prevent proteins from leaking through (B) To help antibodies bind to the proteins they recognize (C) To maintain pH value (D) To minimize non-specific binding of antibodies
3. You are wondering whether the expression of the gene you are studying is regulated by miRNAs. Which of the following experiments is least likely to help you determine if miRNAs are involved? (A) Look for sequences in the UTR regions that may complement miRNAs (B) Delete miRNA that may regulate your gene and examine expression level changes (C) Mutate potential miRNA binding sites to see if expression levels of gene changes (D) Use a phospho-specific antibody to examine protein expression levels
4. Which of these following elements is on an mRNA molecule? (A) Enhancers (B) 5'UTR (C) Promoters (D) Insulators
5. Which of the following methods is NOT used for gene-editing? (A) Targeted recombination by Cre-loxP (B) Homologous recombination (C) CRISPR-Cas9 (D) Sequence-specific zinc-finger nucleases
6. Which of the following methods is used to quantitate newly synthesized proteins? (A) Nuclear run-on assay (B) Pulse-labeling assay (C) Polysome profiling assay (D) Western blotting assay
7. Which of the following materials can be used to cause transient knockdown of a gene? (A) Small interfering RNA (siRNA) (B) MicroRNA (miRNA) (C) Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) (D) All of the above
8. Which of the following statements about non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is true? (A) is an RNA that is translated into a protein (B) includes transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) (C) Many of the essential and abundant ncRNAs are involved in transcription (D) None of the above
9. Which of the following statements about epigenetics is true? (A) is the study of heritable phenotype changes that involve alterations in the DNA sequence (B) Epigenetic changes are not transmitted to the organism's offspring (C) includes DNA methylation and histone modification (D) None of the above
10. Which one of the DNA elements is not required for a chromosome to be stably maintained in cells? (A) origin of replication (B) centromere (C) primer (D) telomere
11. Chromatin consists of DNA and histone proteins. DNA and histone has strong attraction for each other because: (A) DNA is positively charged and histones are negatively charged. (B) both DNA and proteins are hydrophobic. (C) DNA is negatively charged and histones are positively charged. (D) like substances share common charges.
12. Which of the following is the least important element in plasmid DNA for making recombinant DNA: (A) a selection marker (B) DNA replication origin (C) multiple cloning sites (D) lac operon sequence for gene expression
13. You would like to clone a gene by PCR. The sequence of the two ends of the coding strand for the gene is provided below.
ATGAAATCTACGTTTCAC........................CCCCCAGTACCCCCCCTTA
Which of the following pairs of primers would direct the amplification of this gene? All sequences are written from 5' to 3'. (A) ATGAAATCTACGTTTCAC; CCCCAGTCСССССТТА (B) ATGAAATCTACGTTTCAC; TAAGGGGGGTACTGGGGG (C) TACTTTAGATGCAAAGTG; ATTCCCCCCATGACCCCC (D) GTGAAACGTAGATTTCAT; ATTCCCCCCATGACCCCC
14. Which research topic/area was the awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2018? (A) cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation (B) molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm (C) mechanisms for autophagy (D) novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites
15. The segment of the DNA molecule where messenger RNA synthesis begins is called the... (A) promoter region; (B) sigma factor; (C) transcription terminator; (D) polymerase.
16. For identification of a gene using the Southern blot analysis, against which strand of DNA must the probe complement? (A) either the top or bottom strand (B) only the coding strand (C) only the template strand (D) None of the above
17. "Footprinting" or DNase protection is a technique used to identify: (A) a region of DNA that has been damaged by mutation. (B) E. coli cells that contain a desired, cloned piece of DNA. (C) the position of a particular gene of a chromosome. (D) the specific binding site of a repressor, polymerase, or other protein on the DNA.
18. Which of the following can alter repressor proteins thereby increasing the rate of transcription initiation? (A) Corepressor (B) Inducer (C) Effector (D) Modulator
19. As the result of exposure to a mutagen, cytosine is substituted for thymine in one strand of DNA. Upon subsequent DNA replication, one of the daughter cells will have a GC pair in this position instead of an AT pair. This is called a(n) _____ mutation. (A) transition (B) transversion (C) frameshift (D) insertion
20. The three steps that take place in each cycle during PCR occur in which order? (A) DNA annealing, denaturation, and synthesis. (B) DNA synthesis, denaturation, and annealing. (C) DNA denaturation, annealing, and synthesis. (D) DNA denaturation, synthesis, and annealing.
21. What of the following terms describes a set of genes that is controlled by a common regulatory protein? (A) codon (B) operon (C) transcription (D) regulon
22. Which of the following causes premature termination of the synthesis of the protein product? (A) missense mutation (B) nonsense mutation (C) silent mutation (D) replication mutation
23. In an average protein, 60 percent of the polypeptide chain exists as two regular secondary structures, helices and ẞ sheets. Those two secondary structures were maintained by (A) covalent bond (B) hydrogen bond (C) Ionic bond (D) metallic bond
24. If you have a plasmid: 1) when digested with EcoRI you got a 3 kb fragment. 2) when digested with HindIII you got a 1.2 kb and a 1.8 kb fragment. Which of the following sets of fragments is possible? If you double digest the plasmid with EcoRI and HindIII. (A) 1.5kb, 1.2kb, 0.1kb (B) 1.1kb, 1.4kb, 0.5kb (C) 1.2kb, 1.8kb (D) 1.2kb, 1.2kb, 0.6kb
25. Myosins are motor proteins that interact with actin filaments and couple to conformation changes that result in the movement of myosin and an actin filament relative to each other by hydrolysis of WHAT molecule? (A) ADP (B) GTP (C) ATP (D) AMP
26. All repressors and activator proteins share which of the following structural features: (A) A repression domain (B) An activation domain (C) A ligand-binding domain (D) A DNA-binding domain
27. What determines the time and place that a certain gene is transcribed in the cell? (A) The type of cis-regulatory sequences associated with it (B) The relative position of cis-regulatory sequences associated with it (C) The arrangement of various cis-regulatory sequences associated with it (D) All of the above
28. Which of the following DNA-binding motifs uses ẞ sheets to recognize DNA bases? (A) The helix-turn-helix motif (B) The leucine zipper (C) The zinc finger motif (D) None of the above
29. Under which of the following conditions is the Lac operon in Escherichia coli fully turned on? (A) Low glucose and lactose levels (B) Low glucose but high lactose levels (C) High glucose but low lactose levels (D) High glucose and lactose levels
30. The Trp operon in Escherichia coli encodes the components necessary for tryptophan biosynthesis. In the presence of the amino acid in a bacterium, (A) the tryptophan operator is bound to the tryptophan repressor. (B) the tryptophan repressor is bound to bacterial RNA polymerase. (C) the expression of the tryptophan repressor is shut off. (D) the operon genes are expressed.
31. process
32. prokaryotes
33. transcribes
34.participates
35.elongation
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