110年 - [非官方正解]110 國立高雄大學_碩士班招生考試_經營管理研究所(無組別)：經濟學#103050

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆經濟學 | 年份：110年 | 選擇題數：20 | 申論題數：5

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆經濟學

選擇題 (20)

1. For a self-sufficient producer, the production possibilities frontier (A) is the same as the consumption possibilities frontier. (B) is greater than the consumption possibilities frontier. (C) is less than the consumption possibilities frontier. (D) is always a straight line.
2. Buyers and sellers who have no influence on market price are referred to as (A) market pawns. (B) monopolists. (C) price takers. (D) price setters.
3. Economists compute the price elasticity of demand as the (A) percentage change in price divided by the percentage change in quantity demanded. (B) change in quantity demanded divided by the change in the price. (C) percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. (D) percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income.
4. A price floor will be binding only if it is set (A) equal to the equilibrium price. (B) above the equilibrium price. (C) below the equilibrium price. (D) either above or below the equilibrium price.
5. Consumer surplus in a market can be represented by the (A) area below the demand curve and above the price. (B) distance from the demand curve to the horizontal axis. (C) distance from the demand curve to the vertical axis. (D) area below the demand curve and above the horizontal axis.
6. The benefit to buyers of participating in a market is measured by (A) the price elasticity of demand. (B) consumer surplus. (C) the maximum amount that buyers are willing to pay for the good. (D) the equilibrium price.
7. Trade among nations is ultimately based on (A) absolute advantage. (B) strategic advantage. (C) comparative advantage. (D) technical advantage.
8. When a market is characterized by an externality, the government (A) can correct the market failure only in the case of positive externalities. (B) can correct the market failure only in the case of negative externalities. (C) can correct the market failure in the case of both positive and negative externalities by inducing market participants to internalize the externality. (D) cannot correct for externalities due to the existence of patents.
9. The value of a business owner's time is an example of (A) an opportunity cost. (B) a fixed cost. (C) an explicit cost. (D) total revenue.
10. When buyers in a competitive market take the selling price as given, they are said to be (A) market entrants. (B) monopolists. (C) free riders. (D) price takers.
11. The fundamental cause of monopoly is (A) incompetent management in competitive firms. (B) the zero-profit feature of long-run equilibrium in competitive markets. (C) advertising. (D) barriers to entry.
12. Workers who work the night shift are often paid more than those who do identical work on the day shift. This is referred to as a (A) discriminatory wage practice. (B) compensating differential. (C) wage inequity. (D) a market inefficiency.
13. A concentration ratio (A) measures the percentage of total sales of the top firm in the industry. (B) reflects the level of competition in an industry. (C) is inversely related to the price charged by the top firm in the industry. (D) All of the above are correct.
14. If a firm experiences diminishing marginal productivity of labor, the marginal product (A) increases as total product increases. (B) decreases as total product increases. (C) increases as total product decreases. (D) decreases as total product decreases.
15. Moral hazard occurs when (A) an employer closely monitors an employee. (B) two people consider a trade with each other and one person has relevant information about some aspect of the product's quality that the other person lacks. (C) an employee lacks an incentive to promote the best interests of the employer, and the employer cannot observe the actions of the employee. (D) an employee closely monitors the actions of her employer.
16. The inflation rate is defined as the (A) price level in an economy. (B) change in the price level from one period to the next. (C) percentage change in the price level from the previous period. (D) price level minus the price level from the previous period.
17. Economists use the word "money" to refer to (A) income generated by the production of goods and services. (B) those assets regularly used to buy goods and services. (C) fianncial assets such as stocks and bonds. (D) any type of wealth.
18. The two types of imperfectly competitive markets are (A) markets with differentiated products and monopoly. (B) markets with differentiated products and oligopoly. (C) oligopoly and monopoly. (D) monopolistic competition and oligopoly.
19. Suppose a firm in a competitive market reduces its output by 20 percent. As a result, the price of its output is likely to (A) increase. (B) remain unchanged. (C) decrease by less than 20 percent. (D) decrease by more than 20 percent.
20. When an oligopoly market reaches a Nash equilibrium, (A) the market price will be different for each firm. (B) the firms will not have behaved as profit maximizers. (C) a firm will have chosen its best strategy, given the strategies chosen by other firms in the market. (D) a firm will not take into account the strategies of competing firms.

申論題 (5)

II. Questions (20 points)
 1. (10%) Define the following costs and give an example for each cost: opportunity cost, sunk cost, implicit cost, explicit cost, long-run cost, and short-run cost.

2. (10%) Bowley (1924) defined the inverse demand functions for two firms producing differentiated goods:
617b937617adb.jpg
where a > 0 , b > 0 , and δ617b93bfd27ff.jpg[0,1]. δ denotes the product differentiation factor. Please explain the economic meanings while  δ = 0,  δ =1 , and 0 <  δ <1.

III. Problem (20 points) 1. (10%) Assume that there are n goods in an economy. A consumer with income Y will consume each good and exhaust his entire budget. Let617b9409945f1.jpg be the income elasticity of good i and ki  represent the fraction of the consumer’s budget spent on good i. Please show that 
617b9441cc7c7.jpg
(1) If the Kaohsiung City government’s goal of this project is to maximize her benefit (profit), then how many units of parking space should the City government have to build? What price would be charged for each unit of parking space? How much the profit will be?
(2) If the Kaohsiung City government decides to build 700 units parking space and maximize the social welfare, then what are the parking fee for each unit of parking space and social welfare?