46. What makes writing by hand a thing of the past? (A) The absence of blackboard in classroom. (B) The use of new technologies in teaching. (C) The lack of practice in handwriting. (D) The popular use of smartphones.

47. Berninger’s study published in 2009 ___________. (A) focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer. (B) indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper. (C) found that good essays are made up of long sentences. (D) discussed the importance of writing speed.

48. Which of the following best shows the role of spelling? (A) Spelling improves one’s memory of words. (B) Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability. (C) Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas. (D) Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.

49. What does “mind’s eye” in paragraph 5 mean? (A) Window. (B) Soul (C) Picture. (D) Imagination.

50. What conclusion could be drawn from the passage? (A) Computers can help people with their choice of words. (B) Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching. (C) Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms. (D) Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade. D You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others. 　　　Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. 　　　Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. 　　　In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life. 　　　In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.

51. What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? (A) People and things around you. (B) Opportunities and problems. (C) Creators and their choices. (D) Victims and their sufferings.

52. According to Paragraph 2, creators __________. (A) seem willing to experience failures in life (B) possess the ability to predict future life (C) handle ups and downs of life wisely (D) have potential to create something new

53. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? (A) Creators and victims face quite different things in life. (B) Creators and victims are masters of their lives. (C) Victims can influence more people than creators. (D) Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.

54. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _______________. (A) strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims. (B) people need family support to deal with challengers in life. (C) it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains. (D) one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.

55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? (A) To define victims and creators. (B) To evaluate victims against creators. (C) To explain the relationship between victims and creators. (D) To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.

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