12. DNA replication normally occurs at the _____ phase of cell cycle.
(A) S
(B) G1
(C) G2
(D) M
(E) G0

13. Primosome at the replication fork is formed by _____(A) DNA polymerase and its clamp (B) helicase and DNA primase (C) helicase and DNA polymerase (D) topoisomerase and ligase (E) topoisomerase and DNA pirmase

14. Replicative senescence of eukaryotic cells can be prevented by expression of _____(A) DNA polymerase (B) helicase (C) telomerase (D) topoisomerase (E) DNA glycosylase

15. The one recombinase employed in the bacteria homologous recombination is _____(A) RecA (B) CRE recombinase (C) Flippase (D) Spoll (E) Mre11

16. Alu element and the _____ element use the same mechanism for their transposition. (A) P-element (B) L1- (C) Tyl- (D) Tn3- (E) Tn5-

17. Mismatch repair of newly replicated DNA can be facilitated by _____(A) nicking of the parental strand in bacteria (B) nicking of the nascent strand in prokaryotes (C) methylation of the GATC in parental strand in eukaryotes (D) methylation of the GATC in parental strand in prokaryotes (E) methylation of the GATC in nascent strand in prokaryotes

18. Holiday junction can be found at _____(A) replication forks (B) chromosome bivalents during meiosis (C) sister chromosomes during mitosis (D) integrating retrovirus (E) infectious adenovirus

19. The initial double strand cut of homologous recombination is catalyzed by _____(A) Rec A (B) Rec B, C, & D (C) SSB (D) Ruv A &B (E) Spoll

20. The synthesized Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand can be connected by the _____ enzyme to form nascent continuous DNA strand. (A) ligase (B) DNA polymerase III (C) RecA (D) telomere (E) topoisomerase I

21. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic RNA's differ in that: (A) rRNA molecules are only subunits of the prokaryotic ribosome. (B) Eukaryotes have a pre-mRNA that requires splicing to create the functional transcript (C) Prokaryotes have non-coding sequences that are removed during RNA-transcript processing (D) Eukaryotes have simpler ribosomes, consisting of fewer subunits. (E) None of these.

22. Which of the following is a way in which RNA synthesis does not differ from DNA synthesis? (A) Precursors are ribonucleoside triphosphates. (B) Only one strand of DNA is used as a template for the synthesis of a complementary RNA chain in any given reaction. (C) The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA is identical to the nontemplate strand of DNA except that U substitutes for T. (D) RNA chains can be initiated de novo. (E) None of these

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