12. Which of the following statements about TCP technology in the internet is CORRECT?

(A) It uses a two-way handshake to establish a connection.

(B) It has flow control functionality.

(C) Packet size is usually smaller than UDP.

(D) It is commonly used in video streaming applications.

(E) Its full name is Traffic Complicated Protocol.

13. Which of the following designs is a data structure to implement a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache, supporting get and put operations in O(1) time complexity? (A) Stacks (B) Doubly linked list (C) Hash table (D) Hash table + Doubly linked list (E) Stacks + Doubly linked list

14. Hamming distance is a metric used in computer science to measure dissimilarity between two binary data strings. Which of the following binary strings has a Hamming distance of 5 with (11010011)2 ? (A) (11011111)2 (B) (00010000)2 (C) (11111111)2 (D) (01111110)2 (E) (10010111)2

15. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? (A) DBSCAN is an algorithm for scanning database information and building indexes. (B) Naïve Bayes Classifier assumes all features are independent of each other, making it suitable for any dataset. (C) The first projection direction of PCA is the direction that maximizes the separation between different data classes. (D) K-means refers to a method of classifying data by using a linear combination of K weak classifiers. (E) Sequential forward selection is a feature selection method where, at each step, the feature that improves classification performance the most is chosen.

16. In dimensionality reduction, what is the main goal of Principal Component Analysis (PCA)?(A) To increase the number of features in the dataset.(B) To remove outliers from the dataset.(C) To improve accuracy by adding new synthetic features.(D) To transform correlated variables into uncorrelated ones while preserving variance.(E) To cluster similar data points together.

17. A banking system allows users to transfer money between accounts. The system must maintain atomicity and isolation. Consider the following transaction steps:(1) Check if Account A has enough balance(2) Deduct the amount from Account A(3) Add the amount to Account B(4) Commit the transactionWhich of the following database properties is most critical to prevent a scenario where money is deducted from Account A but not added to Account B due to a system crash?(A) Durability (B) Isolation(C) Atomicity (D) Consistency(E) Concurrency

18. Which of the following statements about memory management in operating systems is CORRECT? (A) Page size is usually set to a power of 2, such as 20 or 40. (B) The page table is usually stored on the hard disk. (C) When performing page replacement, the page that is used most frequently is typically selected for removal from the memory. (D) If a process performs I/O, the memory page associated with it should be chosen for removal from the memory. (E) A page fault means that the data a process tries to access via a virtual address have not been loaded into physical memory.

19. Which of the following is a CORRECT order for the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)operation?(A) convolution → max pooling → flattening → full connection(B) max pooling → convolution → flattening → full connection(C) flattening → max pooling → convolution→ full connection(D) full connection → max pooling → convolution → flattening(E) max pooling → full connection → convolution → flattening

20. Let A and B be Boolean values. Which of the following is equivalent toNAND(NAND(A, NAND(A, B)), NAND(B, NAND(A, B)))?(A) NOT( B ) (B) NOR(A, B) (C) AND(A, B)(D) XOR(A, B) (E) NAND(A, B)

21. Consider the following binary search program written in Python. Please select the CORRECT statement when the input array arr contains exactly 10 numbers.(A) When all the numbers in arr are the same, it will return 0.(B) When the key is greater than max(arr), it will return 10.(C) When the key is greater than max(arr), it will return 11.(D) It is applicable to a monotonically increasing sequence.(E) If you forget to sort arr first, it will return -1 regardless of the key.

22. When designing a website that allows users to upload and download images, which of the following methods is currently considered the safest when used individually? (A) Prohibit users from uploading files if the file name ends with common code extensions like .asp or .php. (B) Allow users to upload files if the file’s MIME type is 'image/jpeg' or other common image MIME types. (C) Allow users to upload files if the file content includes common image headers like jpg or png. (D) Limit the file size to a reasonable range for typical image files. (E) Use a trusted library to reprocess the image, remove EXIF and other metadata, and store it in a directory that does not execute code.

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