13. The diversification of the wild mustard (Brassica oleracea) into distinct cultivars such as broccoli, kale, and Brussels sprouts is a classic example of intensive artificial selection. Which statement best explains the biological basis for this successful radiation?
(A) The wild mustard genome contains significant heritable variation (standing genetic variation), providing the raw material for selective breeding.
(B) Selective breeding induces new targeted mutations in the mustard genome to create desired shapes like florets or large leaves.
(C) The high phenotypic plasticity of Brassica allows environmental factors, such as soil nitrogen, to be permanently encoded into the germline.
(D) Wild mustard populations lack natural selection pressures, which allowed deleterious mutations to accumulate and create these varieties.
(E) The different varieties are actually the result of horizontal gene transfer from unrelated vegetable species in the same habitat.

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