13. Which of the following is NOT directly affected by circulating epinephrine?
(A) stroke volume
(B) heart rate
(C) arteriolar radius
(D) venous pressure

14. The hydrostatic pressure in a capillary is 30 mmHg at the arteriolar end and 14 mmHg at the venular end. The interstitial pressure is 0 mmHg. The colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mmHg in the capillary and 3 mmHg in the interstitium. The net force producing fluid movement across the capillary wall at its arteriolar end is (A) absorption, 2 mmHg (B) absorption, 8 mmHg (C) filtration, 2 mmHg (D) filtration, 8 mmHg.

15. Which of the following statements concerning control of blood flow through arterioles is true? (A) Beta-adrenergic receptors are more abundant on most arteriolar smooth muscle than are alpha-adrenergic receptors. (B) If the arterial blood pressure to an organ suddenly decreases, arterioles in the organ will dilate in response. (C) Binding of epinephrine to alpha-adrenergic receptors causes vasodilation. (D) Increased stimulation of vascular smooth muscle by the parasympathetic nervous system causes increased vasoconstriction.

16. Which of the following proteins is involved in platelet adhesion to wound sites? (A) Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) (B) Arachidonic acid (C) von Willebrand factor (vWF) (D) Activated protein C

17. Which of the following receptors causes a slower heart beat after receiving a neural signal? (A) α1 adrenergic receptors (B) β1 adrenergic receptors (C) β2 adrenergic receptors (D) Muscarinic receptors

18. Which of the following is a result of increased sympathetic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle? (A) Filtration of fluid from capillaries to interstitial fluid increases. (B) Venous return of blood to the heart increases. (C) Total peripheral resistance (TPR) decreases. (D) The percentage of blood volume in the veins increases.

19. The sciatic nerve belongs to (A) central nervous system (B) peripheral nervous system (C) autonomic nervous system (D) enteric nervous system.

20. Which of following cells could have highest resting membrane potential in the dark (A) cone cells (B) gustatory cells (C) ependymal cells (D) Schwann cells.

21. A retired soldier has been suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD), which brain structure functional group could be active in guiding with this soldier's disorder? (A) diencephalon (B) cerebrum (C) limbic system (D) reticular formation.

22. Which of following neurotransmitters would take longer time to be synthesized? (A) dopamine (B) GABA (C) acetylcholine (D) oxytocin.

23. When the sodium (but not chloride or potassium or calcium) channels are opened in a neuron with the resting membrane potential of -70 mV, then the membrane potential of this neuron will likely be changed to (A) -60 mV (B) -40 mV (C) -20 mV (D) all of the above are possible.

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