14. Noise caused by random fluctuation of electrons in an electronic device is
(A) white noise.
(B) Johnson noise.
(C) Gaussian noise.
(D) drift noise.
(E) line noise.

15. Which statement regarding an interferometer is FALSE? (A) Radiation from the source is split； some is reflected to a stationary mirror and some is transmitted to a movable mirror. (B) Constructive interference occurs whenever O is an integer multiple of the wavelength. (C) A minimum occurs when 6 is a half-integer multiple of the wavelength. (D) Radiation reaching the detector goes through a series of maxima and minima as the mirror moves from the beamsplitter at a constant speed. (E) All of the statements are true.

16. Which statement is NOT true about surface plasmon resonance? (A) The angle at which reflectivity is at a minimum is independent of the refractive index of the dielectric. (B) A surface plasmon is an electromagnetic wave that propagates along the boundary between a metal and a dielectric. (C) The surface plasmon absorbs some of the incident light when it is in resonance with the incident light. (D) A chemical-sensing layer can be added to the metal surface to create a specific response to the change in refractive index. (E) Changes in the surface plasmon resonance angle can be measured with a precision of ~10-4 to 10-5 degrees.

17. The laser medium is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation. What is the function of this incident radiation? (A) create a population inversion (B) heat the lasing medium (C) stimulate emission of a photon (D) stimulate nonradiative relaxation (E) amplify the emitted light

18. Which of the following statements about an emission spectrum is FALSE? (A) It is collected at a different wavelength compared to the absorption spectrum. (B) It is a mirror image of the absorption spectrum. (C) It is collected by varying the excitation wavelengths and measuring a fixed emission wavelength. (D) It has a higher energy than the excitation spectrum. (E) It is collected by fixing the excitation wavelength and is measured by varying the emission wavelengths.

19. A low-frequency sine wave voltage is the input to the following operational amplifier circuits. What is the relationship between Vi and Vo?(A) (B) (C)Vo=Vi  (D) Vo=(R-C)Vi (E) Vo=(R/C)Vi

20. Which detector can be used for infrared spectroscopy? (A) photomultiplier tube (B) photodiode (C) charge coupled device (D) photoconductive detector (E) photodiode array

複選題21. Which statements about the junction potential in electrochemistry are FALSE? (A) It depends on the relative mobilities of the electrolyte ions. (B) It can be reduced but not completely eliminated. (C) It affects the outcome of the potentiometric measurements. (D) It is inversely proportional to the difference between the half-cell potentials. (E) It cannot be measured.

複選題22. Fe2+ is titrated with Ce4+ to form Fe3+ and Ce3+. Which statements are TRUE of the potential at the equivalence point of this titration? (A) The potential is equal to the sum of the standard reduction potentials of the two half-reactions minus the potential of the reference electrode. (B) The potential is cqual to the sum of the standard reduction potentials of the two half-reactions. (C) The potential is equal to the average of the standard reduction potentials of the two half-reactions minus the potential of the reference electrode. (D) The potential is equal to the average of the standard reduction potentials of the two half-reactions. (E) It lies at the mid-point of the redox titration curve.

複選題23. Which statements regarding cyclic voltammetry of a reversible reaction (O + ne- → R) are FALSE ? (A) The peak anodic and peak cathodic currents are similar in magnitude. (B) The half-wave potential lies midway between the potentials, at which the peak anodic and peak cathodic currents occur. (C) The reaction proceeds fast enough to deplete the concentrations of the reactant and product at the surface of the electrode. (D) The peak cathodic current of the first forward sweep is proportional to the log (analyte concentration). (E) The potentials at which the peak anodic and peak cathodic currents occur are separated by 57.0/n mV at 25℃.

複選題24. Which statements regarding polargraphy are FALSE? (A) The dropping-mercury electrode yields a more reproducible current-potential behavior than other electrodes. (B) The reduction of a metal into a mercury amalgam is more favorable than reduction to the solid state. (C) The current we seek to measure is the charging current, and the current that interferes with every measurement is the faradaic current. (D) In sampled current polarography, the current is measured only in the initial milliseconds of the life of each Hg drop. (E) For quantitative analysis, the limiting current should be controlled by the rate at which analyte can diffuse to the electrode, so an unstirred solution is used to minimize convection.

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