15. Which one plays the "sliding clamp" in the DNA replication?
(A) Cyclin A
(B) Cyclin B
(C) Cyelin D
(D) p53
(E) PCNA

16. Post-translational modifications modulate a protein activity. To study the functional effect of a protein phosphoprylated at Ser/Thr, we generate a non-phosphorylatable mutant by changing to Ala. What amino acids are used for creating a phosphomimetic mutant? (A) Asn and Gin (B) Lys and Arg (C) Leu and Ile (D) Asp and Glu (E) Tyr and Phe

17. Which one does not involve in splicing of introns in nuclear mRNA primary transcripts? (A) RNA helicase (B) ATP (C) CTD (C-terminal domain) of RNA polymerase I large subunit (D) snRNPs (E) endonucleases

18. How are most voltage-gated channels inactivated? (A) by closing degrading channel proteins (B) by ligand binding (C) by changes in membrane potential (D) through interaction with other membrane proteins (E) by closing spontancously soon after opening

19. Which of the following statements regarding hotmone and cellular signal transduction is correct? (1) Amino acid and protein hormones usually act by binding to a receptor on the cell surface. (2) A second messenger is a substance that binding to its receptor on the cell surface. (3) cATP is an intracellular second messenger. (A) (1) (B) (2) (C) (3) (D) (1) and (3) (E) (2) and (3)

20. Which of the following shows the correct order of potency for stem cells? (A) Totipotent ＞ Multipotent ＞ Pluripotent (B) Totipotent ＞ Pluripotent ＞ Multipotent (C) Pluripotent ＞ Totipotent ＞ Multipotent (D) Multipotent ＞ Totipotent ＞ Pluripotent (E) None is correct

21. Treatment of the RNA polymerase/DNA complex with DNase in vitro is a DNA footprinting technique used to: (A) identify the termination sequence for transcription. (B) locate the start site for transcription. (C) Locate the promoter site. (D) identify the position of enbancer sequences. (E) None of the above.

22. The heptapeptide repcat in the carboxy terminal domain (CTD) in the RPB1 subunit of RNA polymerase II is phosphorylated to________. (A) convert to an elongation complex (B) bind to DNA (C) form a holo-RNA polymerase II (D) initiate transeription (E) activate termination

23. Heat shock element (HSE) is a(n)__________found in the________ region of genes whose transcription is activated in response to________.(A) silencer； enhancer； cold (B) response element； promoter, elevated temperature (C) promoter； enhancer； elevated temperature (D) enhancer； response etement: clevated temperature (E) silencer； promoter； cold

24. Which of the following statenent(s) is correct regarding to the membrane transport? (1) If a transported molecule carries a net charge, its movement may be influenced by the electrochemical gradient. (2) All transport proteins, i.e. transporters, are transmembrane proteins containing multiple membrane-spanning segments. (3) Active transport requires ATPase to utilize ATP hydrolysis to move ions or snall molecules across the membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration. (A) 1 and 3 (B) 2 and 3 (C) 3 only (D) 1 and 2 (E) All of above are correct.

25. Which of the following statement(s) is cotrect regarding to protein endocytosis or cxocytosis? (1) Receptor-mediated endocytosis of ligands generally occurs through clathrin/AP2-coated vesicles. (2) SARS-CoV-2 appears to infect cells by first binding viral spike proteins with host protein receptors. The virus is then endocytosed into the host cells. (3) Neurotransmitters are typically relcased from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis (A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 3 (C) I and 3 (D) 3 only (E) All of above are correct.

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