16. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 is not a
(A) non-structural protein
(B) structural protein
(C) enzyme
(D) viral protein
(E) target for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug

17. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is not a (A) structural protein (B) polymerase (C) enveloped protein (D) target for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug (E) receptor binding protein

18. Which of the following is not an Omicron subvariant of SARS-CoV-2 (A) BA.4 (B) BA.5 (C) BBQ (D) BQ.1.1 (E) BQ.1

19. Which of the following is incorrect regarding the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines? (A) Moderna vaccines are mRNA vaccines (B) Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines are mRNA vaccines (C) AstraZeneca vaccines are virus vector vaccines (D) Novavax COVID-19 vaccines are mRNA vaccines (E) Medigen COVID-19 vaccines are protein subunit vaccines.

20. Which is not true of viruses? (A) Animal and plant cells are the only cells infected by these viruses. (B) It is possible for them to exist intracellularly or extracellularly. (C) Replication occurs only within host cells. (D) They are acellular. (E) Electron microscopes can be used to observe them.

21. A complete virus particle is referred to as a (A) matrix. (B) envelope. (C) capsid. (D) cell. (E) virion.

22. Viral capsid protein subunits are called (A) viromers. (B) protomers. (C) auxomers. (D) primers. (E) monomers.

23. The part of an enveloped virus that consists of the nucleic acid and genome and the surrounding protein coat, but not the envelope, is referred to as the (A) endosome. (B) ribosome. (C) matrix. (D) nucleocapsid. (E) spike.

24. An outer surface of viral envelopes is covered with glycoprotein spikes that function as (A) binding to host cell. (B) cell lysis. (C) toxin. (D) polymerase. (E) primers.

1. In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is the _________. (A) relative solubility of the component (B) size and weight of the component (C) percentage of carbohydrates in the component (D) presence or absence of lipids in the component

2. What is the reason that a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM) can resolve biological images to the sub-nanometer level? (A) The focal length of the electron microscope is significantly longer (B) Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal (C) Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. (D) The electron microscope has a much greater ratio of image size to real size.

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