21.炎熱的夏日午後，城市上空常出現淡褐色的「光化學煙霧」。這是 因汽車排放的氮氧化物(NOx)與碳氫化合物，在太陽光的照射 下發生一連串反應所形成的。下列敘述何者正確？
(A)紫外線能量較低，主要造成熱效應，無法使氮氧化物分解
(B)紅外線能量高於紫外線，因此能促進臭氧生成
(C)光化學煙霧的形成主要由紫外線引發化學反應
(D)光化學煙霧屬物理變化，未涉及化學鍵的改變

22.下列哪一個選項是屬於放熱過程？ (A)喝奶茶時，冰奶中的冰塊融化 (B)煮飯時，米由生米煮成熟飯 (C)清潔時，將食醋與小蘇打粉混合 (D)煎蛋時，蛋由蛋液變成荷包蛋

23.將硝酸鋁溶液與硫化鈉溶液混合，可生成硫化鋁與硝酸鈉，其平 衡化學反應式如下：aAl(NO3)3+bNa2S→cAl2S3+d NaNO3 其中，a、b、c、d為平衡係數。若a、b、c、d為最小整數比時， 試問(a＋b＋c＋d)的數值為何？ (A)4 (B)8 (C)12 (D)15

24.將鎂帶置入鹽酸時，會有氣泡產生。下列關於此反應的敘述，何者正確？ (A)鎂帶會漸漸消失 (B)此反應不涉及電子轉移 (C)此反應屬於酸鹼中和反應 (D)產生的氣體是氧氣

25.下列有關同位素中，其質子、中子與電子的數目，何者正確？ (A)29個質子，34個中子，29個電子 (B)29個質子，29個中子，63個電子 (C)63個質子，29個中子，63個電子 (D)34個質子，29個中子，34個電子

1. An element's most stable ion forms an ionic compound with chlorine having the formula \( \text{XCl}_2 \). If the mass number of the ion is 40 and it has 18 electrons, what is the element and how many neutrons does it have? (A)Ar, 22 neutrons (B)Ar, 24 neutrons (C)S, 24 neutrons (D)Ca, 20 neutrons (E)K, 19 neutrons

2. A material is made from Al, Ga, and As. The mole fractions of these elements are 0.25, 0.26, and 0.49, respectively. This material would be (A)a metallic conductor because Al is present. (B)an insulator. (C)a \( p \)-type semiconductor. (D)an \( n \)-type semiconductor. (E)superconductor.

3. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does the atom \( ^{33}\text{S} \) have? (A)16 protons, 16 neutrons, 33 electrons (B)17 protons, 17 neutrons, 16 electrons (C)16 protons, 16 neutrons, 16 electrons (D)17 protons, 16 neutrons, 17 electrons (E)16 protons, 17 neutrons, 16 electrons

4. A certain substance, X, has a triple-point temperature of \( 20^\circ\text{C} \) at a pressure of 2.0 atm. Which one of the following statements cannot possibly be true? (A)X can exist as a liquid above \( 20^\circ\text{C} \). (B)X can exist as a solid above \( 20^\circ\text{C} \). (C)Liquid X can exist as a stable phase at \( 25^\circ\text{C} \), 1 atm. (D)Both liquid and solid X have the same vapor pressure at \( 20^\circ\text{C} \). (E)All of these statements could be true.

5. Iron is biologically important in the transport of oxygen by red blood cells from the lungs to the various organs of the body. In the blood of an adult human, there are approximately \( 2.60 \times 10^{13} \) red blood cells with a total of 2.90 g of iron. On the average, how many iron atoms are present in each red blood cell? (molar mass for Fe = 55.85 g) (A)\( 8.33 \times 10^{-10} \) (B)\( 1.20 \times 10^9 \) (C)\( 3.12 \times 10^{22} \) (D)\( 2.60 \times 10^{13} \) (E)\( 5.19 \times 10^{-2} \)

6. A liquid-liquid solution is called an ideal solution if I. it obeys \( PV = nRT \). II. it obeys Raoult's law. III. solute-solute, solvent-solvent, and solute-solvent interactions are very similar. IV. solute-solute, solvent-solvent, and solute-solvent interactions are quite different. (A)I, II, III (B)I, II, IV (C)II, III (D)II, IV (E)I, II

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