21. "Orphan Annie eye" nuclei are characteristic of which cancer?


(A) Papillary carcinoma
(B) Follicular carcinoma

(C) Medullary carcinoma
(D) Anaplastic carcinoma

22. Cushing syndrome is caused by an excess of:(A) Aldosterone (B) Epinephrine (C) Cortisol (D) Insulin

23. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a deficiency of: Al Actin (A) Actin (B) Myosin (C) Dystrophin(D) Acetylcholine

24.Guillain-Barré syndrome is typically preceded by:(A) Trauma (B) Malnutrition(C) Yolk sac tumor (D) Choriocarcinoma

25.Which ofthe following skin diseases has the closest relationship with a specific viral infection?(A) Urticaria (B) Lichen planus(C) Pemphigus vulgaris (D) Condyloma acuminatum

26. A 28-year-old man sustains a skin abrasion on his knee. Within 24 hours, the wound is erythematous and edematous, and a neutrophil-rich exudate is present. Which mediator is MOST directly responsiblefor the rapid increase in vascular permeability in the first minutes after injury?(A) Vascular endothelial growth factor (B) Interleukin-1(C) Platelet-activating factor (D) Histamine

27. A 63-year-old woman has a long-standing gastric ulcer that shows a transition from normal mucosa to areas of dysplasia and then to invasive adenocarcinoma. Which concept of carcinogenesis is BESTillustrated by this sosequence?(A) Paraneoplastic syndrome(C) Tumor progression(B) Field cancerization(D) Grading of tumors

28.A 55-year-old man with a long history of smoking presents with chronic cough and dyspnea. Lungbiopsy shows loss of alveolar walls with enlargement of airspaces rspaces and and minimal fibrosis. Which pathologic mechanism BEST explains this finding?(A) Diffuse interstitial collagen deposition from chronic inflammation (B) Decreased antiprotease activity leading to elastin destruction (C) Obliteration of small airways by granulation tissue polyps (D) Accumulation of surfactant in intra-alveolar spaces

29.A 45-year-old woman is diagnosed with an invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. The tumor is high an duDEST grade with marked nuclear atypia and numerous mitoses. Which term BESTss describes this histologicassessment and is most closely associated with proliferation rate and differentiation?(A) Tumor staging (B) Tumor grading (C) Desmoplasia (D) Anaplasia

30. A 65-year-old man presents with stable angina. Coronary angiography shows a fibrofatty plaque with an intact fibrous cap and a small lipid core. Which feature best explains why this lesion is less likely tocause an acute myocardial infarction than a "vulnerable" plaque?(A) Large lipid core with intraplaque hemorrhage(B) High content of foamy macrophages near the shoulder regions(C) Thick collagen-rich fibrous cap with few inflammatory cells(D) Marked thinning of the fibrous cap with abundant metalloproteinases

31. A 45-year-old woman presents with a 2-cm firm breast mass. Core biopsy reveals invasive ductal carcinoma that is estrogen receptor ER-positive, progesterone receptor PR-positive, and HER2- t-a- entor ER-nositive provesterone receptor PR-positive, and HER2- sgd hard fire thie arofile and rsis? negative. Which molecular subtype best fits this profile and prognosis?(A) Luminal A subtypе (B) Luminal B subtype(C) HER2-enriched subtype (D) Basal-like (triple-negative) subtype

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