24. A company’s database contains a table Sales with millions of rows, and the following SQL query is executed frequently:

Which of the following optimizations would most effectively improve the query performance?

(A) Adding an index on SalesAmount

(B) Creating a composite index on (Region, ProductID)

(C) Partitioning the table by ProductID

(D) Using HAVING SUM(SalesAmount) > 0 to filter results

(E) Adding an index on ProductID only

25. Take four Host IDs from the 192.168.10.0/24 subnet for segmentation. How can seq1 and seq16 be best described? (A) Seq 1 has only a broadcast address issue. (B) Seq 16 has only a broadcast address issue. (C) Both Seq1 and Seq16 have issues with the broadcast address. (D) Both Seq1 and Seq16 have issues with the IP range. (E) Both Seq1 and Seq16 have no issues.

26. What is the primary purpose of time slicing in a multitasking system? (A) Reduce memory usage (B) Increase CPU utilization (C) Minimize CPU switching cost (D) Maximize execution time of a single process (E) Limit the number of concurrent processes

27. A deep learning-based image classification model performs extremely well on training data but performs poorly on unseen test images. Which of the following is the most effective approach to mitigate this issue? (A) Increase the depth of the neural network to capture more complex patterns in training data (B) Use dropout regularization to randomly deactivate neurons during training (C) Train the model longer until the test accuracy starts improving (D) Use a smaller training dataset to reduce overfitting (E) Reduce the number of training epochs to prevent the model from converging completely

28. What are the CORRECT intermediate steps of the data set 25,30,20,28 when it is being sorted with the Insertion Sort? (A) 25,20,30,28 → 25,20,28,30 → 20,25,28,30 (B) 20,30,25,28 → 20,25,30,28 → 20,25,28,30 (C) 20,30,25,28 → 20,28,25,30 → 20,25,28,30 (D) 25,28,20,30 → 20,28,25,30 → 20,25,28,30 (E) 25,30,20,28 → 20,25,30,28 → 20,25,28,30

29. Public key cryptography is a method of secure communication that uses a pair of keys, a public key and a private key. This system ensures that only the intended recipient can read an encrypted message and that a signed message truly comes from the claimed sender. Which of the statement below regarding data encryption using public key algorithms is CORRECT? (A) The sender encrypts with the public key and the receiver decrypts with the public key. (B) The sender encrypts with the private key and the receiver decrypts with the private key. (C) The sender encrypts with the public key and the receiver decrypts with the private key. (D) The sender encrypts with the private key and the receiver decrypts with the public key. (E) The sender decrypts with the private key and the receiver encrypts with the public key.

30. Cache memory consists of a small, fast memory that acts as a buffer for the DRAM. What is cache memory and how does it work? (A) Cache memory is a type of volatile memory that stores frequently used data to reduce the need to access slower storage media. (B) Cache memory is a type of non-volatile memory that stores data permanently. (C) Cache memory is used to store the operating system kernel. (D) Cache memory is slower than main memory. (E) Cache memory is used to store infrequently used data to speed up performance.

1. “Hash Table” is an effective data structure for implementing dictionaries. What is a hash table and how does it work? (A) A hash table is a data structure that uses a hash function to map keys to values, allowing for fast retrieval of data. (B) A hash table is a data structure that stores data in a sorted manner for fast searching. (C) A hash table is a data structure that allows for efficient sorting of data. (D) A hash table is a data structure that stores data in a hierarchical manner for fast searching. (E) None of the above.

2. Overfitting is an undesirable machine learning behavior that occurs when the machine learning model gives accurate predictions for training data but not for new data. There are some techniques that could ease or even solve this problem. Which of the following techniques can NOT avoid overfitting problem? (A) Increasing layers / number of units per layer. (B) Using Lasso / Ridge regularization. (C) Early stopping while training model. (D) Adding dropout between layers. (E) Cross-validation.

3. What is the result of -22 in the two’s complement representation with an 8-bit allocation?(A) 0001 0101 (B) 0001 0110 (C) 1110 1010 (D) 1110 1001(E) None of the above.

4. Given the boolean function F = AB'C' + BCD' + CD + B'C'D', what is the maximum number of terms that it can be simplified to? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

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