29. The word "them" in line 16 refers to
(A) items
(B) pressures
(C) populations
(D) centers

30. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the effect of the Industrial Revolution on transportation systems? (A) Traditional methods of transportation were adequate for workers to get to their jobs. (B) Faster, more efficient methods of transportation were required for the production and distribution of goods. (C) Manufacturers could not produce sufficiently large quantities of goods to support the costs of railroad transportation. (D) Only the most essential products required new, mechanized methods of transportation.

31. The word “Hence” in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) moreover (B) nevertheless (C) in contrast (D) for these reasons

32. The word "sweep" in line 1 could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) brush (B) extend (C) clear (D) hurry

33. The southernmost point of the Appalachian Mountains is in (A) Quebec (B) New England (C) Alabama (D) North Carolina

34. According to the passage, a 615-mile expanse of the Appalachians is known as (A) the Blue Ridge Mountains (B) Grandfather Mountain (C) the Black Mountains (D) the Great Smoky Mountains

35. The word "technically" in line 7 is closest in meaning to (A) partially (B) similarly (C) likely (D) officially

36. The expression "the latter range" in line 8 refers to (A) Appalachians (B) the Black Mountains (C) the Great Smoky Mountains (D) Grandfather Mountain

37. The word "they" in line 13 refers to (A) Pennsylvania and the southern states (B) plants and animals (C) mountains (D) glaciers

38. According to the passage, the melting of glaciers caused some plant species to (A) adapt to the heat (B) die out (C) grow bigger and stronger (D) move northward

39. The author mentions all of the following as plants that can be found in a "bald" EXCEPT (A) mountain laurel (B) huckleberries (C) red oaks (D) rhododendron

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