31. Damage to DNA that takes place during DNA replication results in arrest of normal cells at the _____ checkpoint.
(A) GO-to-G1
(B) G1-to-S
(C) S-to-G2
(D) G2-to-M
(E) M-to-G1

32. The human papilloma virus (HPV) carries a gene that functions as an oncogene by inactivating the p53 protein. The fact that the loss of p53 function is oncogenic suggests that (A) p53 normally functions to prevent uncontrolled cell division. (B) The HPV protein is encoded by a tumor suppressor gene. (C) p53 gene expression is upregulated by the HPV protein. (D) The HPV protein functions at origins of replication on DNA. (E) p53 is a proto-oncogene. 

1. Please select which RNA transcript is synthesized from the DNA template (5')AAACGCTATAGCG(3'). (A) (5')UUUGCGAUAUCGC(3') (B) (5')UUUGUGAUAUUGU(3') (C) (5')CGCUAUAGCGUUU(3') (D) (5')UGUUAUAGUGUUU(3') (E) (5')AAACGCUAUAGCG(3')

2. Which subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase ensures the polymerase binds to DNA in a stable manner only at promoters? (A) α (B) β (C) γ (D) δ (E)σ

3. Which eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerase is sensitive to low concentration of a-amanitin? (A) Pol I (B) Pol II (C)Pol III (D)telomerase (E)RNA helicase

4. Please select which codon is correspond to tRNA anticodon (5')UGA(3'). (A) (5')ACU(3') (B) (5')AUU(3') (C) (5')UUA(3') (D) (5')UCG(3') (E) (5')UUG(3')

5. Please select which mutation is so called "transition". (A) A to G (B) T to G (C) T to A (D) A to T (E) G to C

6. Which one of the following amino acids would be considered most polar? (A) Methionine (B) Threonine (C) Leucine (D) Tryptophan (E) Proline

7. The major conformation of myoglobin belongs to (A) a-helix (B) ẞ-sheet (C) random coils (D) ẞ-turn (E) none of the above

複選題8. The molecule 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) is present in red blood cells in which it binds noncovalently to hemoglobin. Which functional groups in hemoglobin can make the strongest noncovalent interactions with BPG at a pH value of 7.0? (A) sulfhydryl groups (B) Alcoholic hydroxyl groups (C) Hydrocarbon groups (D) Amino groups (E) Carboxy groups

9. A peptide has the sequence Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly, This oligopeptide has a pI close to (A) 4.3 (B) 5.1 (C) 6.0 (D) 7.8

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