33. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
(A) water vapor
(B) molecular oxygen
(C) molecular nitrogen
(D) argon
(E) carbon monoxide

34. In the figure below, which of the following survivorship curves most applies to humans living in developed countries? (A) curve A (B) curve B (C) curve C (D) curve D (E) curve E

35. _____ is formed in ______ during embryonic development. Which of the following statements is FALSE? (A) Dorsal lip, frog (B) Primitive streak, sea urchin (C) Primitive streak, chick (D) Epiblast, chick (E) Epiblast, human

36. Which of the following statements about fruit fly is FALSE? (A) Spermatheca can be used to store sperm in male fly. (B) Defective expression of Hox genes suppresses the embryonic development. (C) The courtship behaviors include orienting, tapping and singing. (D) Toll receptor leads to synthesis of antimicrobial peptides against fungi. (E) Drosophila melanogaster has a diploid number of 8.

37. Which insect is classified incorrectly? (A) mosquitoes - Diptera (B) butterflies - Lepidoptera (C) bees - Lepidoptera (D) flies - Diptera (E) grasshoppers - Orthoptera

38. Which of the following statements about the reproductive cycles of human female is FALSE? (A) Low level of estradiol inhibits the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins. (B) High level of estradiol stimulates the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins. (C) High level of estradiol and progesterone stimulates the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins. (D) High level of LH (luteinizing hormone) stimulates ovulation. (E) High level of estradiol and progesterone stimulates the maintenance of endometrium.

39. Which of the following statements about the extracellular matrix (ECM) is FALSE? (A) Collagens are assembled into triple helix in the ER lumen. (B) Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) contain positively charged carbohydrates. (C) Chondroitin sulfate is a GAG to be part of proteoglycan. (D) Elastin is a protein capable of changing conformation. (E) Fibronectin can directly bind with integrin.

40. Which of the following statements about the RNA processing is FALSE? (A) Not all of the nucleotides in the mature mRNA can be translated into proteins. (B) Spliceosomes are composed of proteins and snRNAs. (C) Modified guanosine is required for the capping of pre-mRNA. (D) Methylation is required for the capping of pre-mRNA. (E) PolyA polymerase adds 50-200 more adenines at the stop codon.

41. Which of the following statements about cell junctions is FALSE? (A) Actin filaments anchor desmosomes in the cytoplasm. (B) Hemidesmosomes connect cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrins. (C) Integrin is a transmembrane protein with two nonidentical subunits. (D) Cadherins are Ca2+-dependent molecules to create cell-to-cell junctions. (E) The connexons of gap junctions allow the passage of ions.

42. Which of the following statements about blood tissue is FALSE? (A) The mature red blood cells contain nucleus in frog but not in human. (B) Eosinophils with bilobed-nucleus can kill parasites. (C) Lymphocytes with multilobed-nucleus are the most abundant leukocytes. (D) Monocytes are phagocytes and develop into macrophages. (E) Basophiles secret anticlotting factor called heparin at the site of injury.

43. Which of the following statements about gene cloning is FALSE? (A) DNA with specific palindromic sequence can be cut by restriction enzymes. (B) EcoRI, a restriction enzyme from E. coli, cut DNA into sticky ends. (C) Gene of interest can be linked into plasmid with DNA polymerase. (D) The plasmids are transformed into competent cells. (E) Ions such as CaCl2 affect whether or not a bacterium will be competent cells.

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