36 關於憂鬱症的性別差異，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A)在 12 歲之前，憂鬱症的男女性別比例無顯著差異
(B)青春期之後，憂鬱症的女性逐漸多於男性
(C)成年期，憂鬱症的男對女比例為 1：3
(D)青春期後女性憂鬱症比例較高與青春期賀爾蒙變化有關

盛行率：

在美國，重鬱症十二個月的盛行率約為7%，按年齡有顯著的差異，例如：在18歲至29 歲的人患病率是60歲以上的老年人患病率的3倍。

青春期早期的女性是男性的1.5至3倍。

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<DSM-5-TR DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS> p.188

Prevalence

Twelve-month prevalence of major depressive disorder in the United States is approximately 7%, with marked differences by age group such that the prevalence in 18- to 29-year-old individuals is threefold higher than the prevalence in individuals age 60 years or older. The most reproducible finding in the epidemiology of major depressive disorder has been a higher prevalence in females, an effect that peaks in adolescence and then stabilizes. Women experience approximately twofold higher rates than men(C選項男:女應為1:2), especially between menarche and menopause. Women report more atypical symptoms of depression characterized by hypersomnia, increased appetite, and leaden paralysis compared with men.

Systematic reviews show that the 12-month and point prevalence of major depressive disorder vary eight- to ninefold across global geographic regions. In the United States, prevalence increased from 2005 to 2015, with steeper rates of increase for youth compared with older groups. After stratification by ethnoracial groups, non-Hispanic Whites showed a significant increase in prevalence after adjustment for demographic characteristics, whereas no significant change in rate of depression was observed among non-Hispanic Blacks or Hispanics. 

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