47. Which of the followings is NOT a neurotransmitter?
(A) nitric oxide
(B) substance P
(C) cAMP
(D) serotonin
(E) carbon monoxide

複選題48. Renin is a(n) _____. Its secretion is stimulated by _____. (A) hormone, high osmolality (B) hormone, low blood pressure (C) hormone, low pH (D) enzyme, high osmolality (E) enzyme, low blood pressure

49. Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood _____. (A) dissolved in the plasma (B) attachment to hemoglobin (C) as bicarbonate ion (D) both A and C (E) all of A, B, and C

50. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is incorporated into glucose in _____; water is broken down and oxygen gas produced in _____. (A) photosystem I; photosystem II (B) Calvin cycle; photosystem II (C) photosystem II; Calvin cycle (D) Calvin cycle; photosystem I (E) photosystem I; Calvin cycle

51. A nitrogen-containing carbohydrate is _____. (A) chitin (B) glucose (C) starch (D) cellulose (E) glycogen

52. Which method CANNOT detect the gene expression levels? (A) Northern blotting (B) RT-PCR (C) DNA microarray assay (D) in situ hybridization (E) SNP

53. In eukaryotic cell, a mature mRNA does NOT contain _____. (A) promoter (B) 5’ CAP (C) 5’ UTR (D) 3’ UTR (E) poly-A tail

54. Which of the following statements about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is FALSE? (A) HIV is double –stranded RNA virus. (B) HIV is equipped with reverse transcriptase. (C) It can infect T lymphocytes and cause AIDS. (D) Its genome serves as template for DNA synthesis and the newly made viral DNA can integrate into the host’s chromosome as provirus. (E) The host’s RNA polymerase transcribes the provial DNA into mRNAs and viral genomes.

55. Which of the following statements concerning “genomic imprinting” is FALSE? (A) It is an exception to standard Medelian inheritance. (B) In many cases, methylation of cytosine involves in genomic imprint during embryo formation. (C) A given allele will have different effect that depends on father or mother passed along the allele. (D) Most of the known imprinted genes are critical for embryonic development in mammal. (E) In heterozygous of normal and recessive mutant Igf2 gene, the dwarf phenotype can be seen.

56. Which statement about DNA replication is true? (A) Helicase breaks, swivels, and rejoins the parental DNA. (B) Topoisomerase unwinds and separates the parental DNA strands. (C) Primase synthesizes DNA primers, using the parental DNA as a template. (D) In E. coli, DNA polymerase I and II are the main enzymes in synthesis of new DNA. (E) Okazaki fragments are found both in E. coli and eukaryotes.

57. Which of the followings is an extending Mendelian genetics for two or more genes? (A) pleiotropy (B) epistasis (C) multiple alleles (D) incomplete dominance (E) codominance

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