48. 下列何者為糖尿病患者最常發生的腎性病變？
(A) 瀰漫性腎絲球硬化
(B) 間質性腎炎
(C) IgA 腎病變
(D) 腎小管壞死

49. 下列何者為導致硬腦膜下血腫的主因？ (A) 腦挫傷致使腦內微血管出血 (B) 因車禍頭骨破裂使中腦膜動脈破裂 (C) 囊狀動脈瘤破裂 (D) 大腦靜脈注入矢狀竇處因裂傷而出血

50. 某中年男子因大腳趾出現關節疼痛而求診, 請問下列何種檢查最能發現異常？ (A) 測血中尿酸值 (B) 測血清中 IgM 抗體 (C) 測血清中類風濕因子(RF) (D) 抽取關節液做微生物培養

1. Our species is called Homo sapiens. The first word refers to which taxonomical grouping? (A) Kingdom (B) Phylum (C) Order (D) Genus

2. What feature of genetic mutations can eventually lead to the evolution of new species? (A) Mutations always produce harmful effects. (B) Mutations never affect protein structure or function. (C) Mutations are not a mechanism through which biological evolution occurs. (D) Mutations produce changes in the DNA sequence of a gene.

3. An example of one of the ways a pH buffer helps to maintain homeostasis is to (A) increase the H+ concentration if pH decreases. (B) reduce the H+ concentration if pH decreases. (C) reduce the H+ concentration if pH increases. (D) increase the OH- concentration if pH increases.

4. You have been given vials of H2, Na, H2O, Hg, and CH4. What are the majority of your vials filled with? (A) liquids at room temperature (B) gases (C) molecules (D) carboxyls

5. What structural component makes fat an efficient macromolecule able to store high amounts of energy? (A) A lipid's size is small and can easily be broken, down releasing high amounts of energy. (B) Lipids have many long chains of C-OH bonds, which store high amounts of energy. (C) Fats have long chains of C-H bonds, which store high amounts of energy. (D) The way in which adipose tissues are structured is a way for a high amount of energy to be accessed easily.

6. When placed in an aqueous solution, amphipathic molecules will orient themselves with (A) hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains facing the water and hydrophilic head groups in the middle. (B) hydrophilic hydrocarbon chains facing the water and hydrophobic head groups in the middle. (C) hydrophilic hydrocarbon chains in the middle and hydrophobic head groups facing the water. (D) hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains in the middle and hydrophilic head groups facing the water.

7. The route that most accurately describes secretory protein movement through the endomembrane system would be (A) Golgi apparatus→smooth endoplasmic reticulum →lysosome→vesicles→plasma membrane. (B) plasmid→plasma membrane→nuclear envelope→smooth endoplasmic reticulum→vesicles. (C) nuclear envelope→vesicles→Golgi apparatus→rough endoplasmic reticulum→plasma membrane. (D) rough endoplasmic reticulum→vesicles→ Golgi apparatus→vesicles →plasma membrane.

8. The signal recognition particle (SRP) functions in (A) recognizing an ER signal sequence and binding to an SRP receptor in the ER. (B) binding to a newly translated protein and escorting it to the cell membrane, the cytoplasm, or the Golgi. (C) determining the destination of a vesicle that buds from the Golgi. (D) marking an organelle for destruction by lysosomes.

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