5. Which of the following types of reactions would decrease the entropy within a cell?
(A)anabolic reactions
(B)hydrolysis
(C) digestion
(D) catabolic reactions

6. Which of the following conditions may be overcome by increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction with a fixed amount of enzyme? (A)the need for a coenzyme (B)allosteric inhibition (C) noncompetitive inhibition (D) competitive inhibition

7. Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis? (A)an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell (B)an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it (C) an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized (D) an agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to

8. Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location in eukaryotic cells? (A)cytoplasm adjacent to the mitochondrial outer membrane (B)mitochondrial inner membrane (C) mitochondrial intermembrane space (D) mitochondrial matrix

9. A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Since the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed. Suppose a plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment and the leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are absorbed by this pigment? (A)red and yellow (B)blue and violet (C) green and yellow (D) green and red

10. P680+ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent. Given its function, why is this necessary? (A)It is the receptor for the most excited electron in either photosystem of photosynthesis. (B)It is the molecule that transfers electrons to plastoquinone (Pq) of the electron transfer system. (C) It transfers its electrons to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. (D) It obtains electrons from the oxygen atom in a water molecule, so it must have a stronger attraction for electrons than oxygen has.

11. In the formation of biofilms, such as those forming on unbrushed teeth, cell signaling serves which function? (A)formation of mating complexes (B)aggregation of bacteria that can cause cavities (C) secretion of substances that inhibit foreign bacteria (D) digestion of unwanted parasite populations

12. Not all intercellular signals require transduction. Which one of the following signals would be processed without transduction? (A)a lipid-soluble signal (B)a signal that is weakly bound to a nucleotide (C) a signal that binds to a receptor in the cell membrane (D) a signal that binds to the extracellular matrix

13. FtsZ is a bacterial cytoskeletal protein that forms a contractile ring involved in binary fission. Its function is analogous to ___________.(A)the cleavage furrow of eukaryotic animal cells (B)the cell plate of eukaryotic plant cells (C) the mitotic spindle of eukaryotic cells (D) the microtubule-organizing center of eukaryotic cells

14. Several organisms, primarily protists, have what are called intermediate mitotic organization. What is the most probable hypothesis about these intermediate forms of cell division? (A)They represent a form of cell reproduction that must have evolved completely separately from those of other organisms. (B)They rely on totally different proteins for the processes they undergo. (C) They may be more closely related to plant forms that also have unusual mitosis. (D) They show some but not all of the evolutionary steps toward complete mitosis.

15. A particular organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this organism? (A)It must be human. (B)It must be an animal. (C) It reproduces sexually. (D) It produces gametes with 23 chromosomes.

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