7
(A)means
(B)effects
(C)goals
(D)clues

8 (A)Far-flung (B)Far-fetched (C)Far-gone (D)Far-reaching

9 (A)by far (B)by then (C)by no means (D)by all means

10 (A)indifferent (B)indigenous (C)indignant (D)indiscreet

11 The procedures used to judge guilt in athlete doping do not address the question correctly. (A)thletes who fail to pass drug tests are found guilty. (B)Correct procedures of drug testing are hard for athletes to follow. (C)Athletes found guilty of doping do not answer the question correctly. (D)What is administered to convict athletes of doping does not cope with the issue appropriately.

12 The new Rolls-Royce looks big from the outside, and of course it is big, but the feeling sitting inside is that you just drive with your fingertips and your toes. (A)Despite its big size, the new Rolls-Royce can be maneuvered as easily as only with your fingertips and toes. (B)Thanks to its big size, the new Rolls-Royce makes you feel as small and light as your fingertips and toes. (C)Although the new Rolls-Royce looks big, it is difficult to move your fingertips and toes inside the vehicle. (D)ue to the new Rolls-Royce’s big size, it is difficult to drive the vehicle without moving your fingertips and toes.

13 Some people get their jobs simply because of who they know, not because of who they are. (A)Some people get their jobs just because of their good social skills, not because of their professional skills. (B)Some people get their jobs just because they know the right people, not because they have what it takes for the jobs. (C)Some people get their jobs just because they have good family backgrounds, not because they have good qualifications. (D)Some people get their jobs just because of their connections with the right people, not because of where they come from.

14 We are facing a major national crisis. To do nothing right now is to do what was done during the Great Depression. (A)If nothing is done about the major national crisis we are having now, it will be just like what happened during the Great Depression. (B)Something should be done about the major national crisis our country is facing instead of nothing done during the Great Depression. (C)The same mistake should be avoided in handling the major national crisis we are having now as it was during the Great Depression. (D)If the government does not wish to repeat the mistake made during the Great Depression, it should do nothing about the major national crisis our country is facing.

15 The funnyman is our collective conscience who can utter uncomfortable truths that more solemn critics evade. (A)Representing our social belief, the humorous person can argue for truths to make other critics feel uneasy. (B)Some serious critics would not talk about truths while the humorous person, a social model, can express them easily. (C)Expressing our common sentiments, the humorous person expresses some painful truths that serious critics would avoid. (D)Those somber-minded critics would not talk about the general truths that the humorous person could bluntly express consciously.

16 Although we have lost beauty and elegance in the modern world, we have gained much, through science and technology and democratic pressures, in the material well-being of the masses. (A)If we have lost beauty and elegance, the modern world will turn out nothing but a mess. (B)Science and technology help gain much material welfare for the public, but not beauty and elegance. (C)People haven’t gained the material well-being as much as beauty and elegance they have lost today. (D)Modern people have gained no less beauty and elegance than the material well-being through science and technology. In early times fortresses of earth and wood were raised throughout a large part of Europe. No specialized knowledge was needed to erect these structures: the earth excavated from a circular moat was piled up in the center of the circle to form a mound, varying in height and diameter. Then tower of wood was erected on the top. The sloping sides of the mound were protected by thornbushes, the barbed wires of the time. It was not a very effective means of protection, for it could easily be set alight by the use of burning missiles. The development of residential architecture is striking proof of the growth of building in stone. This technical advance was closely linked to the desire for increased defenses. From the middle of the 11th century, chroniclers drew attention to the use of masonry, and this became the norm in the next century. Nevertheless, the first stone castles kept the rectangular shape of the wooden fortresses. This was not only due to conservatism: they had specific functions—to serve as dwelling places, to contain the great state room or hall as well as the living rooms—so both their shape and their size were determined, at ground level and above. In the mid-12th century, when the lord gave up the tower for a more comfortable dwelling, it took on a purely defensive character. Its rectangular plan was abandoned in favor of a circular one.

17 What surrounded the fortress in the early times? (A)Desert (B)Moat (C)Mound (D)River

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