8. Which of the following is not the precursor of a purine ring?
(A) Glutamine
(B) Proline
(C) Glycine
(D) Aspartate

9. Low density lipoproteins (LDLs) are absorbed by cells through the process of _______.(A) simple diffusion (B) active transport (C) pinocytosis (D) receptor-mediated endocytosis

10. Salvage pathway is used in the synthesis of _______. (A) Amino acid (B) Carbohydrate (C) Nucleotide (D) Fatty acid

11. The activity of which of the following enzyme is inhibited by the Methotrexate during deoxyribonucleotide synthesis? (A) Dihydrofolate reductase (B) Ribonucleotide reductase (C) Thymidylate synthase (D) CTP synthetase

12. The final metabolic product of purine catabolism in human is (A) NH4+ (B) Xanthine (C) Urea (D) Uric acid

13. Which description about glucose metabolism in tumor is not true? (A) Cancer cells use energy-inefficient glycolysis under adequate oxygen supply. (B) GLUT2(Glucose transporter type 2) is a predominantly expressed isoform in most common cancers. (C) Conversion of pyruvate into lactate is markedly increased. (D) Aerobic glycolysis allows cancer cells to meet the requirements of generating enough ATP and biosynthetic precursors.

14. Which of the following is not true for TCA cycle in eukaryotes? (A) TCA cycle only occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. (B) One molecule of acetyl-CoA can produce two CO2. (C) One molecule of acetyl-CoA can produce five NADH. (D) One molecule of acetyl-CoA can produce one FADH2. (E) One molecule of acetyl-CoA can produce one ATP.

15. The proton pump in oxidative phosphorylation creates a gradient of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. What kind of energy is generated with such gradient? (A) Membrane energy (B) Kinetic energy (C) Potential energy (D) Protonic energy

16. Which of the following is not a product of $\beta$-oxidation of fatty-acids yielding acetyl-coA? (A) NADH (B) FADH2 (C) Malonyl-CoA (D) β-ketoacyl-CoA

17. Which is not the principal components of the plasma membrane? (A) Phospholipids (B) Triacylglycerols (C) Cholesterol (D) Sphingolipids

18. Which is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain? (A) Oxygen (B) complex IV (C) coenzyme Q (D) cytochrome C

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