9. The process of transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA is called _____.
(A) Replication
(B) Transcription
(C) Reverse transcription
(D) Translation
(E) Substitution

10. Which type of molecular bond holds the DNA double helix together? (A) Hydrogen bond (B) Peptide bond (C) Phosphodiester bond (D) Ionic bond (Ε) π-π interaction

11. Identify the correct order of organization of genetic material, from largest to smallest. (A) Genome, chromosome, gene, nucleotide (B) Gene, chromosome, nucleotide, genome (C) Chromosome, gene, genome, nucleotide (D) Chromosome, gene, transcript, nucleotide (E) Genome, nucleotide, gene, chromosome

12. Which of the following statements is (are) TURE? (A) Hydrogen bonds can form between bases in a single RNA molecule (B) Phosphodiester bonds link bases together in DNA molecules (C) tRNA transfers proteins to the cell membrane (D) The central dogma states that the DNA molecule is the most important nucleic acid. (E) CRNA is the copy created when DNA is transcribed to RNA.

13. The replication of DNA is a complex process; all of the following statements are correct, EXCEPT? (A) DNA replication is considered to be a semiconservative process. (B) DNA replication occurs during telophase in mitosis (C) There is one replication fork in one replication bubble. (D) On the lagging strand, one RNA primer is required for the beginning of every Okazaki fragment. (E) In order to complete replication, the replication bubbles grow and merge together.

複選題14. Which statements about amino acid is(are) NOT TURE? (A) The essential amino acids mean that they cannot be made by the body. (B) There are 10 essential amino acids for human body. (C) Amino acids are used as a source of energy by the body and building block of proteins. (D) Amino acids are inorganic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. (E) All chiral proteogenic amino acids have the D configuration.

15. Which of the following macromolecule that has catalytic activity in the biological system? (A) DNA (B) RNA (C) Protein (D) Lipid (E) Carbohydrate

複選題16. Which experiments can be used to evaluate the RNA expression level? (A) Southern blotting (B) Northern blotting (C) Western blotting (D) Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (E) High-throughput sequencing of messenger RNA (RNA-seq)

17. Which of the following occurs in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells? (A) DNA transcription (B) Post-transcriptional splicing (C) TATA box prompting gene expression (D) Concurrent transcription and translation (E) Operon system

複選題18. Regarding to the DNA and protein denaturation, which statement is (are) CORRECT? (A) All of them are reversible (B) Both can be denatured by heat (C) Heat is the only way to denature them (D) Denaturing them makes the conformation change (E) Denaturing them makes the composition change

複選題19. Which of the following statement about CRIPSR-Cas9 is(are) NOT TURE? (A) A unique technology enables to edit gene by removing, adding or altering sections of the DNA sequence (B) A naturally occurred system in yeast (C) A guide RNA is needed. (D) Though it is extremely efficient, it is not site-specific gene editing. (E) Its discovery makes Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna are awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

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