(1)寫出藥品的四大分類(8分)

(2)對各類藥品的體內吸收分別提出改善方法(8分)

(1)若採用人體血液及尿液檢品,寫出最常被用於評估的藥動參數各2個。(4分)

(2)一般被用於評估生體相等性的2種统計方法及判定原則。(5分)

5. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant agent with low extraction ratio and nonlinear pharmacokinetic properties. Phenytoin is mainly metabolized by CYP2C9 and partly by CYP2C 19. Phenytoin is also known to be a substrate of P-glycoprotein. Following an oral administration, picase describe how genetic polymorphism may influence the pharmacokinetic properties (in terms of clearance, AUC, and brain distribution) of phenytoin and clinical outcome of epileptic treatment. (20 points; 5 points each)

6. Phenytoin was administered to a patient at dosing rates of 150 and 300 mg day, respectively. The steady-state plasma drug concentrations were 8.6 and 25.1 mg/L. respectively. What is the dose needed to achieve a steady-state concentration of 11.3 mg/L?(必須列解題過程)(10points)

7. Why does a drug that has a high extraction ratio (e.g., propranolol) demonstrate greater differences between individuals after oral administration than afier intravenous administration? (5 points)

8. The risk of myopathy during treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors is increased with concurrent therapy with erythromycin, cyclosporine. or fibrate. Pravastatin (F = 0.17) is HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and is a substrate of OATPI B1. Explain the impacts of the changes in the OATP I BI activity on the therapeutic efficacy and myopathy of pravastatin. respectively.(5 points)

9. The AUC and AUMC values of drug-A following an I. V. bolus of 5 mg are 278 ug-hr2/L, and 1 390 pg-hr?/L, respectively. The plasma concentration profile of this drug can be described by one-compartment model. Calculate the volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) of this drug (10 points)

1.社會參與影響兒童青少年發展,職能治療師透過(1)技巧集點介入(skill-focusedintervention);(2)環境焦點介入 (environment-focused intervention);以及(3)同儕支持介入(peer support intervention),以幫助個案習得溝通和互動 技巧,找出調整環境以支持個案社會參與的方法,以及使用同儕鼓勵個案社合互動和參與。請說明上述介入方法並舉例(20分)

2.遊戲是職能治療對嬰幼兒早期療育的成效目標,試述如何設計活動以(1)調節兒童警醒度、增進興趣;(2)練習剛發展或習得的技能:(3)鼓勵學習進階技能:(4)促進遊戲技能的類化,以讓兒童投入遊戲(engagingthechildinplay 促進其發展(20分)

110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_藥學研究所、臨床藥學研究所:生物藥劑學#100395