(三)First island chain

(四)Andrea Boucheli

(五)ICAO

(一)North Korea on Thursday said the United States has proposed a resumption of stalled nuclear negotiations in December as they approach an end-of-year deadline set by North Korean leader Kim Jong Un for the Trump administration to offer an acceptable deal to salvage the talks. In a statement released by state media, North Korean negotiator Kim Myong Gil didn’t clearly say whether the North would accept the supposed U.S. offer. He said North Korea has no interest in talks if they are aimed at buying time without discussing solutions. He said the North isn’t willing to make a deal over “matters of secondary importance,” such as possible U.S. offers to formally declare an end to the 1950-53 Korean War, which was halted by a cease-fire, not a peace treaty, or establish a liaison office between the countries. “If the negotiated solution of issues is possible, we are ready to meet with the U.S. at any place and any time,” said Kim Myong Gil, who called for Washington to present a fundamental solution for discarding its “hostile policy” toward North Korea.

(二)For months, Prime Minister Boris Johnson planned on calling a general election in Britain, figuring he could break the logjam in Parliament by taking his case for Brexit directly to the people. Instead, as he has foundered in the early stages of the campaign, Johnson has discovered that the people are taking their case to him. In the voting this summer for Conservative Party leader – and, hence, 代號：31240 頁次：2－2 prime minister – Johnson’s prime selling points were his personal popularity and skills as a campaigner. But in the early stages of the general election, exposed to hostile voices, he has seemed at times unsure, tone deaf and gaffe prone. The charged atmosphere on the campaign trail is a reminder that Brexit has left this country bitter, divided and deeply suspicious of the political establishment. Johnson and his populist aides set out to exploit those sentiments, framing this election as one of the “people vs. the Parliament.” Now he is finding that some of that anger is being directed at him.

一、假設地面上有高程不等之兩點 A、B 相距約 150 m，在 A 點擺站以經緯 儀觀測 B 點之覘標，測得 A、B 兩點間的垂直角α 共五次，其結果分別 為10° 25′ 36′′、10° 25′ 48′′   、10° 25′ 45′′   、10° 25′ 30′′   及10° 25′ 24′′   ，試求垂直角 α 的平均值α 以及其中誤差 ？假設垂直角α 的單位權中誤差不變的 情況下，若欲使中誤差下降到±2.0′′，則垂直角α 必須再重覆觀測多 少次？（20 分）

二、假設 A、O、B 為地面上三個點位，利用單角法在 O 點整置經緯儀，分 別照準 A、B 兩點的覘標進行讀數兩測回，其水平角觀測成果如下表所 示。若已知 A、O 點位的平面坐標 (x,y) 分別為 (40.12 m,60.59 m)、 (0.00 m,0.00 m)；試求角度∠AOB、OA 方向的方位角α OA、OB 方向的 方位角α OB及 OB 方向的方向角？（20 分）

三、假設 A、B 兩點為地面上兩個點位，已知 A 點的正高為 153.57 m，由 B 點向 A 點實施三角高程測量。計算 B 點高程之相關數據有：B 點之儀器 高為 1.56 m、A 點之覘標高為 2.50 m、AB 兩點間之水平距離為 445.56 m、 垂直角為+0° 38′ 54′′   。試求 B 與 A 點間的高程差、以及 B 點的正高各為 多少 m？（20 分） 代號：34750 頁次：2－2

四、前方交會法為細部測量中測定細部點位置的方法之一，請說明前方交會 法的定義、作業程序、使用時機與特性？（20 分）

五、請繪製略圖說明正高的定義，並分析地球表面之某一水準面上位於同一 經線（子午線）的三點 P（其緯度為 0 度）、Q（其緯度為 45 度）、R（其 緯度為 90 度）之正高是否相同？（20 分）

一、已知標準差σU = 2、σV = 1 和σUV = ‐1。隨機變數 U、V 和 X、Y 的關係為 ， 其中 A=3 和 B=‐2。試求隨機變數 X、Y、U、V 的變方-協變方矩陣。（25 分）

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