(2)除前述方式外，放射性物質還有哪些進入人體的途徑？

(3)最常用於偵測加馬核種體內污染的計測方法為何？

3. 已知τ、、K，分別是光子和碳作用的光電、合調、不合調、成對發生等效應 的原子衰減係數，請計算 50 keV 光子和碳作用的質量衰減係數(m2 /kg)為何？

4. 一個電容器型游離腔的有效體積為 2 cm3，電容為 5 pF，輻射照射之前的電壓為 180 V， 照射後下降為 140 V，空氣的密度為 0.001293 g/cm3，請計算曝露(C/kg)為多少？

5. 簡述 β 粒子對人體健康效應之重要影響及其屏蔽考量。

(1)距離射源 1 m 處的空氣克馬率(air Kerma rate)為 3× Gy/h，若使用 4.4 cm 厚的屏 蔽，屏蔽的線性衰減係數為，增建因數(buildup factor)為 2.12，請計算空氣克 馬率(Gy/h)。

(2)請問該輻射的平均自由路徑(mean free path)為何？

(1) 完全停留於空氣中，產生的正負離子對大約是幾對？

(2) 完全停留於鍺中，產生的電子電洞對大約是幾對？

(3) 因此，高純度鍺偵檢器和游離腔偵檢器何者的能量解析度較好？

六、非選擇題：20%。 （一）摘要寫作(10 分) 請在 120 字以內寫出以下短文之摘要。如超過 120 字，本題將以 0 分計算。        TAIPEI, Taiwan — Taiwanese officials urged people to consider the implications before changing their name to “Salmon,” after dozens flooded government offices to register a name change so they could qualify for a restaurant promotion.        The frenzy took hold this week after Japanese chain Sushiro promised a free sushi meal to customers whose names included the traditional Chinese characters “guiyu,” meaning salmon. Customers with names that sounded similar to “salmon” could enjoy a half-price feed.         Many found the offer irresistible, and so ensued what local media branded “Salmon Chaos.”        Dory Wang, a Sushiro marketing manager, said about 200 customers with the name “Salmon” on their identity card had visited one of the chain’s restaurants on Wednesday, adding that the response of seafood-loving Taiwanese had exceeded expectations. “We appreciated those who are willing to change their names for our sushi,” Wang said.         For some, the craze has proved more of a hassle.         “Five people requested a name change today and another six yesterday,” said Ou Minxin, an official at a local household registration office in Kaohsiung, Taiwan’s second-largest city. “We have seen changed names such as ‘Hotness Salmon,’ ‘Dip Wasabi and Eat Salmon,’ and ‘Can’t Help but Want to Eat Free Salmon.’ ”        Ou said most of them changed their names back after having a meal. “It has indeed added to our workload, but it is quite interesting,” he said.       But there’s a catch — and some diners may have bitten off more than they can chew.       Taiwan’s Ministry of the Interior posted a reminder on Facebook that a person can only change their name three times in a lifetime, explaining that two of those will be wasted if a person changed their name to “Salmon” and back.       “This kind of name change not only wastes time but causes unnecessary paperwork,” Deputy Interior Minister Chen Tsung-yen told reporters as he urged the public to “cherish administrative resources.”        One resident decided to add 36 characters to his name, including seafood-themed characters such as “crab” and “lobster,” local media reported.        A 19-year-old student surnamed Hong said on Facebook that he changed his name to “Hong Salmon” and invited users to join him for a meal, offering eight time slots. He has not yet considered changing his salmon-themed name, saying it represents his courage to do whatever he wants.

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