題組內容
1. Give the following matrix A:
$$\mathbf{A} = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1 & 3 \\ 4 & 0 & -1 \\ -1 & 2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}.$$
(b) \( (12\%) \) Find the bases for the four fundamental subspaces of \( \mathbf{A} \), namely, the nullspace \( N(\mathbf{A}) \), the nullspace \( N(\mathbf{A}^{\mathrm{T}}) \), the range \( R(\mathbf{A}) \), and the range \( R(\mathbf{A}^{\mathrm{T}}) \), respectively.