(e) Albedo (2 pt)

(a) What is the water vapor pressure e (kPa)? (5 pt)

(b) What is the density of dry air ?(5 pt)

(c) What is the specific humidity ? (5pt)

(d) What is the mixing ratio ?(5 pt)

4. The snow albedo fecdback is an important detcrminant of climate response to higher atmospberic CO2 concentration. Explain this feedback. What is the effeet of boreal forests on this feedback? (10 pt)

5. In the carly growing season, sudden frosts can kill new plant growth. This can be a critical factor in successful forest regeneration. This is mainly due to the radiative cooling in thc nightime. Which is more likely to have a successful seedling establishment, a small clearing, or a large cleareut? What is the reason for it? (10pl)

6.Which effect is relevant to the drought in tropical rainforests in South-east Asin: El Nino or La Nina? What is the reason for it? (10 pt)

7.Recently the extent of Aretic sea ice at the end of summer is frequently reported to record its lowest, which suggests the sea joe extent is gradually decreasing with a warming climate. What effect may this have on the Earth's climate? (10 pst)

8. In the boreal forest region, the vegetation type is gometimes different between norti-facing and south-facing slopes. For example, in Interior Alask cing slope is co covered by black spruce forest over er permafrost. In contrast, the south-facing slope is covered by deciduous broadleaf species on the permafirost-free soil. Explain the reason for it from the view of solar radintion and topography. (10 pt)

9.The maximum of daily mean solar radiation occurs in the Aretic and Antarctic regions seasonally, not in the equator. Explain this phenomenon and the reason why. (10 pt) 

110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_森林環境暨資源研究所乙組:氣象學#100868