三、身處快速變遷的當代社會，社會安全制度能預防經濟生活可能發生的風險，也能提供社會弱勢者適時的資源協助，社會安全制度對人民維持生活已是不可或缺。行政院主計總處數據指出，112 年度各級政府歲出淨額以經濟發展支出占 23.7%最高，社會福利支出占 22.1%居次，足見我國在社會安全制度投入大量資源，該制度在公共政策中的地位舉足輕重。社會安全制度可分為社會保險、社會救助與社會福利三類，請您針對此三者進行比較，說明其在資格取得、資源來源及實施對象上的不同，並討論這三者如何共同構成現代社會的安全網。(12 分)

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蝦皮:警察法規白話解題

詳解 #6441009

2025/05/28

社會安全制度：社會保險、社會救助與社會...

(共 1126 字，隱藏中）

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一、以下英文文字請做中文翻譯(注意:內容如果有相關專業英文部分翻譯不專業,將加重扣分) The term "defensive navigation" is a relatively new addition to the marine vocabulary and is a technique that can be used to good effect by HSC. The intention is that a mariner will use skills and knowledge to remove the risk of close quarters situations and possible collisions inadvance. This is achieved by taking proactive action during the development of potentially hazardous situation. All watchkeepers must remain vigilant and be able to anticipate the expected actions of other vessels in the vicinity. They must also be aware of and be prepared for unexpected actions or unusual navigation practices that may occur. These may be due to other vessels failing to keep a proper lookout or not complying with COLREGs, as well as unexpected equipment breakdowns. Such events may require own ship to take quick avoiding action at short notice. If very small safety margins are allowed, a serious situation can develop very rapidly. Reaction times can be greatly assisted by larger safety margins. This is particularly important in an overtaking situation, where there is a relatively small difference in the vessel's speeds. There may be frequent occasions when HSC are involved in crossing situations where they are the stand-on vessel for a larger and less maneuverable vessel. The angle of approach with the give-way vessel will be broader on the starboard bow than is usual for a slower vessel. Bytaking early positive action, which is clearly apparent, before the risk of a collision actually exists, there is no contravention of the COLREGs. In this situation, an alteration of course to give a larger CPA would be most seamanlike solution to avert the risk of a collision. By navigation defensively, watchkeepers, while following the COLREGs never rely completely on the actions of other vessels. At all times they maintain an appropriate safety distance from other vessels and by correctly monitoring and assessing the risk of a collision they stay aware of developing situations. Watchkeepers should at all times remainalert and take avoiding action, avoiding actions early. This might be an alteration of course or an adjustment to speed. In the interests of selfprotection, avoiding action should be taken before a situation can deteriorate to one where available option are limited. Properly executed defensive navigation techniques should remove the need resort to VHF conversations about intentions.

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