⑵依古柯鹼之結構基礎，請說明局部麻醉藥之設計及結構衍化。

⑶請說明酯類局部麻醉藥，為何容易引起過敏？

⑷請說明如何改善酯類局部麻醉藥所引起之過敏現象？

⑸請說明酯類局部麻醉藥，為何須避免與磺胺類抗生素併用？

一、英譯中：請將以下文章譯為中文（20 分）Middle power diplomacy is a concept in the international relations literature that applies to states that, due to either their material and financial capabilities or their political culture and leadership, contribute actively to conflict resolution, peacekeeping, or official development assistance. It is often described as acting as a “good citizen” of the international community: more involved than smaller states in international affairs, but also more compromising and multilateral in focus than the great powers. The Republic of China (ROC), like most small states, is significantly influenced by the actions of larger states and thus reliant on multilateral cooperation to ensure its own security. Moreover, the ROC continues to find itself in an historically complicated and often tense geopolitical position where larger states’ spheres of influence overlap, especially those of China and the United States. It is questionable, therefore, whether middle powers like the ROC can always play a truly independent role and will not ultimately be tempted to side with one great power or another. It might be more meaningful to identify middle powers by their effects on mediation and diplomacy and their leadership’s attitudes rather than quantifying their financial or material capabilities. 

二、英文作文（30 分） 題目：“Beyond Economy and Democracy”  Now as a diplomat, write an article for an international journal to persuade other nations that the ROC, in addition to being exemplary in free economy and democracy, has much more to contribute to the global community. Your article should be well structured with at least three paragraphs: an introduction, a body and a conclusion. 

一、試述臺灣水產養殖產業之現況與未來展望。（25 分）

二、試述建構水產養殖池應具備的構造與設施。（25 分）

三、針對淡水長臂大蝦（Macrobrachium rosenbergii）、草蝦（Penaeus monodon）、白 蝦（Litopenaeus vannamei），敘述其雌種蝦脫殼、卵巢發育、產卵及交配的前後順 序與精莢（貯精囊，spermatophore）儲存方式，並說明淡水長臂大蝦與草蝦受精卵 發育與幼苗變態各階段所需之餌料系列。（25 分）

四、試述益生菌（probiotics）在水產養殖之應用及其宿主之影響為何？（25 分）

一、試說明精粹主義（essentialism）在教育目的、教育內容和教育方法上的具體主張。 （25 分）

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