22. (A) Define "phenological shifts".(B) Explain how a shift in the flowering phenology of a plant species may indirectly affect other plant species through plant-pollinator interactions.

23. The rate of decon omposition can be measured using tea-bag decomposition experiment, at which a pair of commercial tea-bags (e.g,, Lipton) with green and rooibos tea are buried into the soil for three months, and then excavated and amount of decomposed tea measured. Use this method to see how the rate of decomposition changes along the elevation gradient in Taiwan; namely, compare decomposition in three types of the forest: lowland rain forest (500 m asl), submontane evergreen broadleaf forest (1200 m asl and mountain cloud forest (2000 m as). Define the hypothesis which can be tested, describe the study method, and describe what you expect to find (will decomposition increase or decrease with elevation, and why?) (Answer in English)

19. Body size is a functional trait ecologists and evolutionary biologists often examine,(A) Please explain the importance of body size for individual performance, species interactions, and ecosystem functions. (B) Predict how species body size across altitude in Taiwan will respond to climate warming based on ecological concepts.

1. Describe the roles of the following enzymes during DNA replication: ligase, single- stranded binding proteins (SSBs), DNA polymerase Ill, primase, DNA helicas(E)

2. Although Watson and Crick are credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA, they based this discovery on the bench work of many other scientists of the tim(E) Name at least two different pieces of knowledge that Watson and Crick used in their discovery that was based on work from other scientists.

3. Compare and contrast the cellular locations, templates, and products of transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

4. A couple wants to start a family, but they are concerned that their child might have cystic fibrosis, which is a recessive trait.. After taking a family history, you determine that while neither of them have the disease, the woman had a sister with cystic fibrosis (with unaffected parents), and the man's father also had cystic fibrosis. What do you tell them?

5.Describe the meiotic events that generate genetic diversity in gametes.

1. Both the change in the genetic material and the process by which the change occurs is referred to as a/an:___________

2.___________: Use of different exons in formation of mRNA from initially identical transcripts. This results in the generation of related proteins from one gene, often in a tissue or developmental stage-specific manner.

3.__________: Three bases in a DNA or RNA sequence that specify a single amino acid.

110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_生態學與演化生物學研究所:生態學(A)#102084

110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_漁業科學研究所:生態學(D)#101328