3. (12%) Find the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenspaces for the following matrix:

$$A = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 4 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 2 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$$