4. Round-the-world container ship service

5. Cabotage

1. 共同派船協定

2. 貨櫃損壞防阻費

3. 多國貨物集併櫃作業

4. 貨櫃終站作業系統

5. 全球貨櫃終站經營業

1. Container shipping companies have to skip a lot of port calls to avoid port congestion resulting from tight Covid-19 controls. In addition, a significant number of containers are piled up in cargo ports and in inland depots. At the same time, the majority of containers are on board container ships for long haul, especially on transpacific lines. Therefore, there is an enormous shortage of empty containers in Asia.

2. Shipping alliances can help container shipping companies achieve economies of scale and economies of scope, and can thus help the companies facilitate low prices and broad service coverage. That is, shipping alliances enable larger shipping lines to utilize the resources of all members, and smaller lines to extend service coverage without increasing their own fleet size.

3. 對航運業而言，惡劣天氣所造成最明顯的負面影響之一就是貨櫃的遺失。在 2020 年，總共有 3,000 以上的貨櫃掉落海裡。

1. 貨櫃樞紐港除本地貨源外，有賴集貨航線、內陸鐵公路運輸與內河運輸，因此，聯外交通及各貨櫃碼頭終站之連結、轉運貨櫃的便利性及效率，亦是重要因素。

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