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25. A recovered patient is re-exposed to the same virus months later. Which sentence best describes the secondary response? (A) Rapid activation of memory B cells, leading to high IgG concentrations. (B) Slower and weaker than the primary response because memory cells suppress immunity. (C) IgM is always higher than IgG due to lack of class switching. (D) No antibody response occurs because the virus is cleared by fever alone. (E) Only innate immunity is involved; adaptive immunity does not respond.

24. Which combination correctly describes influenza virus classification and key structural and genomic features? (A) Paramyxoviridae; nonsegmented positive-sense ssRNA; no envelope glycoproteins. (B) Orthomyxoviridae; segmented negative-sense ssRNA; envelope glycoproteins HA and NA. (C) Flaviviridae; segmented dsRNA; envelope glycoproteins M and E. (D) Retroviridae; negative-sense ssRNA with reverse transcriptase; capsule proteins H and N. (E) Coronaviridae; segmented positive-sense ssRNA; envelope glycoproteins HA and NA.

23. Which description most closely matches the basic genome and structure type of Coronaviruses? (A) Small, non-enveloped viruses with segmented negative-sense ssRNA. (B) Small, enveloped viruses with negative-sense ssRNA and a helical capsid only. (C) Large, non-enveloped viruses with double-stranded DNA. (D) Medium-sized, enveloped viruses with segmented double-stranded RNA. (E) Large, enveloped viruses with positive-sense single-stranded RNA

五、Long answers (8分)1. Discuss the mechanisms by which microorganisms develop resistance to antibiotics. (8分)

3. What is the main difference between "active" and "passive" immunity? (3分)

2. Define "metagenomics" and its advantage in virology. (4分)

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講師：【站僕】摩檸Morning.

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講師：【站僕】摩檸Morning.

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18 下列何者非屬行政執行法規定之即時強制？ (A)將泥醉之民眾帶回警局安置並拘束自由 (B)主管機關查獲民眾盜採砂石，於裁罰前，限制其開採機具之使用 (C)警察以水柱驅離經舉牌制止仍未解散之違法集會遊行群眾 (D)扣留臨檢時發現可能有殺傷力之改造槍枝

38.下列何者不是演化心理學解釋人願意犧牲自己來幫助別人的利社會行為？ (A)近親選擇 (B)回報規範 (C)助人的代價與酬賞 (D)團體選擇

39.某高中禁止同學在校內抽菸，結果卻讓一些不抽菸的同學產生很高的興趣，因而偷抽菸，這種現象最可以用 什麼理論來說明？ (A)自我辯證理論 (B)行為計劃理論 (C)抗拒理論 (D)增強理論

43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of nostalgia? (A) It improves long-term memory retention in elderly patients. (B) It provides emotional resilience during difficult life transitions. (C) It encourages individuals to be more empathetic toward others. (D) It helps individuals maintain a continuous sense of identity.

44. What does the word "circumvents" most closely mean in the context of the passage? (A) Highlights (B) Avoids (C) Embraces (D) Aggravates

45. According to the passage, which of the following represents a factual barrier to the mass production of cultured meat? (A) It is not biologically identical to real meat. (B) Consumers are universally eager to try it, but supply is low. (C) It produces more greenhouse gases than traditional factory farming. (D) The current growth mediums are expensive and carry ethical concerns.