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44.下列何種惡性病最可能以化學治療藥物(chemotherapy)治癒? (A)non-smal cell lung carcinoma (B)colorectal carcinoma (C)seminoma (D)chronic myeloid leukemia

40.66歲男性,自訴以往健康良好。2個月前發現有兩側頸部、腋下與腹股溝淋巴結腫大,經左側淋巴結切片檢 查診斷為angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma(AITL),接受全身性化學治療,處方為標準劑量的CHOP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine和prednisolone)。病人於化療2週後返回門診,主訴上腹脹、 排便困難及手指指尖麻木,醫師懷疑可能發生ileus。此副作用最可能由下列何種藥物引起? (A)cyclophosphamide (B)adriamycin (C)prednisolone (D)vincristine

42.關於grade IV astrocytoma(glioblastoma)的敘述,何者錯誤? (A)此疾病預後不佳,平均存活期小於2年 (B)首次治療以手術,接續併用化學治療(temozolomide)及放射治療為主要治療方式 (C)O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase(MGMT)有表現的腫瘤,對於temozolomide的治療較有療效 (D)bevacizumab可用於復發後的病人,此藥物可以減少腫瘤周邊的水腫,也可延長progression-free survival

29. A researcher incubates hepatocytes with 15NH4Cl and observes that 15N appears first in glutamate, then subsequently in aspartate. Which of the following best explains this sequential labeling? (A) 15NH4+ → glutamine (by glutamine synthetase) → glutamate → aspartate (by transamination) (B)  15NH4+→ glutamate (by glutamate dehydrogenase) → aspartate (by transamination with oxaloacetate) (C) 15NH4+→ carbamoyl phosphate (by CPS I) → glutamate → aspartate (via urea cycle intermediates) (D)  15NH4+ → glutamate (by glutamate dehydrogenase using succinate) → aspartate (by transamination with fumarate) (E)  15NH4+→ glutamate (by glutamine synthetase) → aspartate (by reductive amination of oxaloacetate)

33. Long-term potentiation (LTP) represents a fundamental cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory. Which of the following best describes a critical requirement for the induction of early-phase LTP? (A) Sustained activation of NMDA receptors leading to Ca2+ influx, which directly promotes rapid insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane. (B) Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptors following postsynaptic depolarization, which triggers the translocation of additional AMPA receptors to the postsynaptic membrane via calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling. (C) Increased presynaptic glutamate release caused by enhanced vesicle docking, which by itself is sufficient to maintain persistent synaptic potentiation. (D) Activation of postsynaptic glycine receptor chloride channels, which leads to the depolarization that relieves the Mg2+ block of NMDA receptors. (E) Immediate activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-dependent gene transcription in the absence of Ca2+ influx, which primes neurons for later potentiation.

34. The number and size of Golgi apparatus vary depending on the type of cell. How many of the following are functions of the Golgi apparatus? I. formation of extracellular enzymes II. modification of proteins III. formation of peptide bonds through condensation reactions IV. synthesis of certain polysaccharides (A) None of the above. (B) One of the above. (C) Two of the above. (D) Three of the above. (E) All of the above.