一、如圖一傾斜地層底部層面之tace切地形等高線於A、B及C點,A及B點之高度同為920公尺,C點之高度為910公尺,
( A )長頰神經—頰肌 ( B )副神經—闊頸肌 ( C )舌下神經—舌內在肌 ( D )耳顳神經—顳肌
請示意性繪圖或以文字描述,如何求得此地層的走向(2分)和傾角?(4分)另此度量及估算方式之準確度與A、B、C點位置之關係如何?(4分)

二、地層落差(Stratigraphic throw地質探勘上經常被用來簡易呈現断層作用的规模大小,同时亦為一項断層離距(Separation的特殊測量值試簡單說明地落差之定義(4分),並分別估計面地質圖中A點及B點之落差值。(各3分)

三、 (一)名詞解釋 (1)上盤(Hanging wall)(2分) (2)斷層泥(Faultgouge)(2分) (二)說明何謂Lithosphcfe舉個常見的例其地球部惠奥可提供地球研究方面之線索。(6分)

四、為瞭解已發生之構造運動,我们常先提出構造形成的運動模式(Kinematicmodels来解釋說明,此外,我們也會進一步嘗試推想構造形成的機械模式(Mechanical models請簡要說明兩種模式分析之差異處。(5分)另請以板塊構造學說為例,舉出兩種模式研究層次的不同點.(5分)

五、脆性(Brittle)和靭性(Ductile)兩類岩石爱到應力後,常產生不同程度的應變(Strain),因之造成不同變形反應。请簡要就兩類岩石發生破裂之難易度(3分)及破裂前經歷階段之主要差異做一比較。(7分)

六、請簡遠輝石與角閃石在顏色、條痕、解理、矽酸塩分類及共有氧離子数的異同。(各2分)

七、石英、瑪腦、玉髓、蛋白石(Opal)、石英等均為自然界存在的氧化矽礦物,請簡單敘述其差異。(各2分)

八、在成熟岛弧地的火成岩依化學性質可分成三大類,请寫出這三類岩系名稱、主要成分及其在岛弧與大陸邊緣分佈特性。(10分)

九、請說明白雲岩形成的可能方式與分佈特性並比較白雲岩與方解石在成份、密度、體之差異。(10分)

十、請簡要說明下列沉積岩之原生沉積構造 (一)層理(Bedding)與葉理(Lamination)(2分) (二)交錯層(Crossbedding)(2分) (三)波痕(Ripplemarks)(2分) (四)分級層(Gradedbedding)(2分) (五)底痕(Solemarks)(2分)

In recent years, teenagers' consuming habits have undergone a significant transformation, largely driven by the rise of digital media and social networks. Teenagers today ˍˍˍ more purchasing power and influence than ever before, making them a key demographic for marketers. However, their buying preferences are often ˍˍˍ by trends and peer influence, rather than traditional advertising methods. Social media platforms, in particular, play a crucial role in shaping their consumption patterns, as teens are more likely to products endorsed by influencers they follow. Moreover, the growing concern for environmental sustainability is becoming ˍˍˍ among younger consumers, who are increasingly opting for eco-friendly brands. Therefore, companies targeting teenagers must adapt their strategies to reflect not only the digital landscape but also the ˍˍˍ values that drive this generation’s choices.

The global fashion industry is constantly changing. Many brands are now focusing on their production processes to make them more sustainable. This shift is due to growing from consumers who are more aware of environmental issues. Companies are beginning to understand that they need to their environmental footprint while still providing high-quality products. As a result, some companies are eco-friendly materials and ethical labor practices to remain competitive. The challenge, however, lies in the balance between sustainability and profitability.

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