107年 - 107 台灣聯合大學系統學士班轉學考:普通生物#108868

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)-普通生物學 | 年份：107年 | 選擇題數：38 | 申論題數：0

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)-普通生物學

選擇題 (38)

1. Which of the following statement about enzyme is NOT true? (A) All enzymes are proteins (B) The active site is the region where the substrate binds (C) Each enzyme has an optimal temperature and pH in which it can function (D) Optimal conditions usually favor the most stable and active conformation for the enzyme molecule
2. Why helper T cells play a central role in the immune response? (A) Helper T cells are the only immune cell type that can produce immunological memory (B) Helper T cells can be activated through innate immune response by antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and dentritic cells, setting stage for the adaptive immune response (C) Activated helper T cells release perforin that make pores in the target cell's membrane and enzymes promoting apoptosis leading to cell death (D) Activated helper 'T cells can produce antibodies
3. For the formation of vertebrate limb, which of the following statement is NOT TRUE? (A) Pattern formation is the process governing the arrangement of organs and tissues in their characteristic 3-D space (B) Pattern formation requires each embryonic cell to receive some kind of positional information indicating location along three axes of the limb (C) The wings and legs of chicks begins with limb bud consisting of only ectoderm (D) The apical ectodermic ridge (AER) secrets FGF (fibroblast growth factor) that promotes distal-proximal limb bud outgrowth.

4. Which of the following statements about excretory system is NOT TRUE? (A) Nephron is the functional unit of kidney (B) The nephron consists of a single long tubule and a ball of capillaries called the glomerulus. Filtration occurs as blood pressure forces fluid from the blood in the glomerulus into the lumen of Bowman's capsule (C) Filtration of small molecules s passes through three regions of the nephron: the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal tubule, which are all permeable to salt but not to water (D) The controlled movement of ions (such as ) in the proximal and distal tubules contributes to constant pH in the body fluid
5. About the digestive system, which of the following statement is (A) Protein digestion occurs only in the stomach (B)Polysaccharides digest stion starts from small in intestine with enzymes from pancrease (C)Most digestion occ occurs in the duoden enum, where acid chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas, liver, gallbla ladder, and the small intestine itself (D) Bile is made in the pancreas and stored in the gallbladder
6. About the respiration system, which of the following statement is TRUE?(A) Alveoli is the place where gas exchange occurs(B) In the capillaries of alveoll, CO2 diffuses into the blood and O2 diffuses into the air (C)During inhalation, Iung volume increases as the rib muscle contracts and diaphragm m relaxes (D) The breathing control center is located in the hypothalamus
7. Which of the following is a pair of antagonistic hormones that work against  each other to control appetite? (A) Insulin,glucagon (B) PTH, calcitonin (C) Leptin, ghrelin (D) Epinephrine, norepinephrine
8. Which of the following statement is TRUE about epinephrine? (A) It is secreted in respon onse to short term stre resses through a hormone cascade pathway (B)  It is secreted from adrena nal cortex and its main function is to mediate varlous fight-or-flight responses (C)Its secretioni n is only in response to life-threatening danger (D) Epinephrine is a hormone with a wide range of effects, because it can binds to different receptors in the same cell type, or It can binds to the same receptor located on different cell types
9. Which of the following parameter is NOT essential for the resolution of a microscope? (A) (A)Magnification(B)Imaging wavelength(C)Refractive index (D)Numerical aperture 
10. Thomas Hunt Morgan's choice of Drosop phila melanog gaster (fruit fy) has been proven to be useful even today. Which of the following character has continued to make it one of the most useful and powerful model organism ims in research? (A) They have compound eyes (B) They have large and transparent embryos that can be easily studied (C) They have short life cycle with large n number of offspring (D) They can be used to model almost all human diseases
11. About polysaccharides, which of the following statement is NOT (A) They are polymers formed by dehydration of glucose monomers (B) Glycogen is a highly branched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energ gy storage in animals (C) Chitin is a polysac saccharide found in the cell wall of many fungi and form ned exoskeleton of anthropods (D) Both starch and cellu lymers s formed by glycosidic bonds. Starch is formed by 1,4 linkage of glucose, whereas cellulose is formed by 1,6 linkage ofglucose
12. The main source of genetic variation among humans is (A) Gene flow (B) Genetie drift (C) The reshuffling of alleles in sexual reproduction (D) Environmental effects
13. Which of the following ovarian hormone directly controls cyelic changes in the uterus (A) Luteinizing hor ormone (LH) (B)Prostaglandin(C) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)(D)Progesterone
14. About anaerobic and aerobic respirations, which of the following statement is NOT TRUE (A) Both use glycolysis (B)Both use NAD+ as electron carrier(C)Both use oxygen acceptor (D) Aerobic respiration produces about 32 ATP, whereas anaerobic c respiration produces 2 ATP
15. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE about photosynthesis (A) Light reactions generate ATP and increase the potentialenergy of electrons by moving them from H2O to NADPH(B) Both ATP and NADPH are produced on the side facing thestroma, where the Calvin cycle takes place(C) The Calvin cycle is a carbon fixation process that generatesoxygen as a by-product(D) Carbon enters the Calvin cycle as CO2 and leaves as glyceraldehyde 3-phospate (G3P)
16. About mutation, which of the following stateme ent is TRUE? (A) Silent mutations usually do not have obser rvable effects on phenotypes becaus se they are in-frame mutations (B) Missense mutations change a codon into a stop codon leading to a trunc cated protein (C) Nonsense mutation is a point mutation in which a single nucleotide change resulted in a a change in an amino acid (D) Insertions and deletions are additions or losses of nucleotide pairs in a gene that alter the reading frame producing out-of-frame mutations
17. FtsZ is a bacterial cytoskeletal protein that forms a co contractile ring involved in binary fission. Its function is similar to (A)1 The cleavage furrow of eukary yotic animal cells (B) The cell plate of eukary yotic plant cells ukaryotic cells (C) The mitotics spindle of eu (D) The microtubule-organizing center of eukaryotic cells
18. Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as aldosterone, cross the membranes of all cells but affect only target cells because (A) Only target cells retain the appropriate DNA segments(B) Intracellular receptors are present only in target cells(C) Only target cells have enzymes that break down aldosterone(D) Only in target cells is aldosterone able to initiate thephosphorylation cascade that turns genes on
19. Homeotic genes (A) Encode transcription factors that control the expression of genes responsible for specific anatomical structures (B) Are found only in Drosophila and other arthropods (C) Are the only genes that contaln the homeobox domain (D) Encode proteins that form anatomical structures in the fly
20. The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similar skeletal structures, very different sl shapes and proport s, whereas the corr responding bones in whales have tions. However, genetic data su data suggest that all three kinds of o forganisms div verged from a common ancestor at about the same time. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these data? (A) Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, but not in whales (B) Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes to whale forelimb anatomy (C)Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats (D) Whales are not properly classified as mammals
21. Chemoautotrophs (A) Use light as energy sou urce and CO2 as a carbon source (B) Use organie con ompound as energy source and organic compound as a carbon source (C) Use light as energy source and organic compound as a carbon source (D) Use inorganic compound (such as methane) as energy source and CO2 as a carbon source
22. Which of the following is the correct description of the tropical (A) Low temperature, rain uniform during the year(B) Long summers, mild winters(C) Warm temperatures and continual rains allow plant growth year-round (D) Low rainfall and dry weather
23. Which of the following is a density-independent factor in a population (A) Food

(B) Habitat(C) Carrying capacity(D) Weather
24. Gymnos sperms (A) Bear seeds on e exposed surfaces of spore-bearing structures (B) Undergo double fertilization (C) Do not have vascular tissues (D)After fertillization, ovary becomes the fruit
25. Which of the following is an example of commensalism (A)Lynx(山貓)andhare(兔) (B) Clown fish lives In anemones (C) Scavengers fight over carcasses(動物屍體) (D) Orchids live attached to a tree trunk
26. In a natural community, the primary consumers are(A) Herbivores

(B) Carnivores(C) Detritivores(D) Decomposers
27. Which of the following is NOT the major evolution trend in terrestrial plants (A) Production of microsp pores and megaspores for fertilization (B) Development of vascular tissue (C) Adaptation n to dry environm mental conditions (D) Increasing dominance of the gametophyte phase
28. Which of the following Is an example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression? (A) The addition of methyI groups to cytosine bases of DNA (B) The binding of transcription factors to a pror omoter (C) The removal of introns and alternative splicing of exons (D) Gene amplification contributing to cancer 
29. Which of the following characteristics, structures, or processes is common to both bacteria and viruses? (A) Metabolism(B) Ribosomes(C) Genetic material composed of nucleic acid(D) Cell division
30. Which of the following tools of DNA technology is Incorrectly paired with its use? (A) Electrophoresis-separation of DNA fragments(B) DNA ligase-cutting DNA, creating sticky ends of restriction fragments(C) DNA polymerase-polymerase chain reaction to amplify sections of DNA

(D) Reverse transcriptase -production of cDNA from mRNA
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31. Interaction of helper T cells with antigen presenting cells activates helper T cells through (A) Endocrine signaling(B) Paracrine signaling(C) Autocrine signaling(D) Synaptic signaling(E) Neuroendocrine signaling
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32. Which of the following cell types are connective tissues?(A)Fibroblasts(B) Dendritic cells(C) Plasma cells(D) Mast cells(E) Macrophages
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33. Which of the following solutes contribute to the osmolarity of the interstitlal fluid in the kidney? (A) (B) KCI(C) Urea(D)(E) Nacl
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34. Which of the following statem ements about the difference between mitosis and meiosis are IRUE (A) Mitosis conserves the number of chromosome sets, producing cells that are genetically identical to the parent (B) Melosis is a special type of mitosis producing reproductive cells that occurs only in animal cells (C) Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes sets from two (diploid) to one (haploid) (D) Synapsis and crossing over o r occur in both mitosis and (E) Meiosis produces cells that differ genetically from each other and from the parent cell
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35. Which of the following hormone es are secreted from posterior pituitary? (A)Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (B)Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) (C)Growth hormone (GH) (D)Oxytocin (E) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
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36. About the organization of the body plans, which of the following statements are TRUE? (A) A complex body plan helps an animal in a variable environment to maintain homeostasis (B) Group p of cells with a commor n structure and function organized into tissue es that have e different functions (C) Tissuesa are classified into four mai muscle tissue, nervous tissue, and fat tissue sin types: epithelial tissue (D) Nervous tissue functions In the receipt, processing and transmission of information (E) The endocrine system is the only system that is responsible for coordinating and controlling responses to stimuli
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37. What are the major roles of antibody in immunity? (A) Activation of phagocytotic cells, induding neutrophils and macrophages (B) When bound to antigens on the surface of a virus, antibody

neutralizes it by blocking its ability to bind to a host cell(C) Binding of antibody to antigen on the surface of bacteria promotes phagocytosis by macrophages(D) Induction of inflammatory response

(E) Binding of antibody to antigen on surface of foreign cell activates the complement system, which forms membrane attack complex
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38. Which of the following organelles or structures are commonly observed in plant cells but not in animal cells? (A) Plasmodesmata(B) Central vacuole(C) Cytoskeleton(D) Chloroplast(E) Mitochondria

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