111年 - 111-2 交通部航港局_船員岸上晉升適任性評估筆試測驗_一等輪機長：輪機英文實作評估試題#141408

(a) The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention.

(b) The Assembly adopted resolution A.443(XI) by which it invited all Governments to take the necessary steps to safeguard the shipmaster in the proper discharge of his responsibilities with regard to maritime safety and the protection of the marine environment.

(c) Recognizing that no two shipping companies or shipowners are the same, and that ships operate under a wide range of different conditions, the Code is based on general principles and objectives.

(d) The Code is expressed in broad terms so that it can have a widespread application. Clearly, different levels of management, whether shore-based or at sea, will require varying levels of knowledge and awareness of the items outlined.

(e) The cornerstone of good safety management is commitment from the top. In matters of safety and pollution prevention it is the commitment, competence, attitudes and motivation of individuals at all levels that determines the end result.

 (a) 過多的潤滑油桶存放在機艙內,恐造成火災、污染和安全隱患。

(b) 緊急發電機在檢查過程中無法自動啟動或承受電負載。

(c) 緊急消防泵無法抽吸。

(d) 油水分離器無法作動,也無法測試。

(e) 兩台柴油發電機都有過多的廢氣、燃料和潤滑油洩漏。

 (a) Owing to the high efficiency of diesel engines, the emissions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons are low in their exhaust gases, but high emissions of nitrogen oxides are also inherently characteristic of the diesel cycle.

(b) The same high combustion temperatures that give high thermal efficiency in the diesel engine are also the most conducive to NOx formation.

(c) Although traditionally not regarded as a pollutant, carbon dioxide has become of increasing concern in recent times through its importance as a 'greenhouse gas' and the unknown consequences for the global climate of the trend of rising carbon dioxide concentration.

(d) Slow speed diesels tend to produce higher NOx emissions than medium speed diesels. Marine sourced emissions can have significant impact on air quality on land, especially in crowded coastal waterways.

(e) Sulphur oxides are the major source of acid rain. They thus have detrimental effects on plant life, vegetation, human respiration and buildings. On the other hand, it has to be stressed that the effect of acid rain on the sea is in most cases negligible. This is because sea water is slightly alkaline.