11.根據心理分析解釋犯罪人的類型時,下列敘述何者錯誤?
(A)超我薄弱型(weak superego)犯罪人,通常內在並未形成對行為會受到懲罰或獎賞的內在表徵,容易基於需 要滿足自我慾望或是因為當下環境的要求而出現犯行
(B)自我薄弱型(weak ego)犯罪人現實感較差且社交能力不成熟,容易誤判環境訊息或是聽從領導者的指令而 出現犯行
(C)神經質(neurotic)犯罪人通常基於自我實現或提升自我價值感而出現犯行,較不容易在犯行後出現緊張或 良心上的譴責
(D)一般型(normal)犯罪人通常在性心理的發展階段沒有太大問題,主要基於自我與理想目標上有落差而出現 犯行

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統計: A(32), B(14), C(716), D(33), E(0) #2968925

詳解 (共 3 筆)

#6166905
根據心理分析理論,選項 C 是錯誤的。神...
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#5883288
Weak Superego offender: An offender who possesses a weak or incomplete superego that is unable to control the instincts of the id, resulting in a lack of internalized representations of morality and ethics.
○ Need for immediate gratifcation
○ Antisocial cognitions, pro-criminal sentiments.

Weak ego offender: An offender who possesses and underdeveloped ego, resulting in an inability to adapt his or her behavour to the particular demands of the situation.
○ Immaturity, poorly developed social skills, poor reality testing, gullibilty, excessive dependance
○ “Stumbling into trouble”
○ Poor emotional control.

● “Normal” antisocial offender: An offender who is a fully functioning adult with no maladaptive features but whose superego formation includes internalized pro-criminal attitudes and sentiments as a result of being primarily socialized by, and indentrifying with, a criminal parent.

● Neurotic offender: An offender who possesses and overactive or strong superego, resulting in over socialization and a potential tendency to perceive and judge moral transgressions more harshly.
○ Criminal behaviour results from various neurotic (maladaptive) adjustment patterns
○ “Guilt” offender (unconcious desire to be punished for past sins)
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#7434806
正確答案是 (C)
錯誤原因詳解:
根據心理分析學派的犯罪理論,神經質(neurotic)犯罪人通常是因為內心潛意識中存有強烈、不被社會接受的衝突與焦慮(如未解決的戀母情結),因而產生強烈的無意識罪惡感。他們為了減輕這種自我懲罰與罪惡感,反而會去進行偏差或犯罪行為,並在犯行後容易出現強烈緊張、焦慮與良心上的譴責。
其餘選項皆符合心理分析中對犯罪人類型的標準描述:
  • (A) 超我薄弱型(weak superego)因缺乏健全的道德內化,無法對行為形成獎懲的內在表徵,極易受慾望與環境誘惑犯案。
  • (B) 自我薄弱型(weak ego)現實判斷力差,容易因誤判環境或盲從他人而犯罪。
  • (D) 一般型(normal)通常沒有嚴重的心理發展缺陷,犯案多是因為個體與現實目標之間的差距產生壓力所致。
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