12. A land plant that produces flagellated sperm and has a diploid-dominant generation is most likely a

(A) charophycean.

(B) fern.

(C) moss.

(D) liverwort.

(E) hornwort.

13. Where would you find a megasporangium in an angiosperm?(A) within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower(B) producing a megaspore within the archegonium of the female gametophyte(C) at the base of a sporophyll in an ovulate cone(D) enclosed in the stigma of a flower(E) packed into pollen sacs within the anthers found on a stamen

14. Gymnosperms and angiosperms have the following in common except(A) ovules.(B) seeds.(C) vascular tissue.(D) pollen.(E) ovaries.

15. Which angiosperm cell is incorrectly paired with its chromosome count (n or 2n)?(A) sperm-n(B) egg cell-n(C) zygote-2n(D) megaspore-2n(E) microspore-n

16. Which feature seen in chytrids supports the hypothesis that they represent the most primitive fungi?(A) flagellated spores(B) the absence of chitin within the cell wall(C) formation of resistant zygosporangia(D) coenocytic hyphae(E) all representatives are parasitic

17. Which of the following cells or structures are associated with asexual reproduction in fungi?(A) ascogonia(B) zygosporangia(C) basidiospores(D) conidia(E) ascospores

18. The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of the mycelium is primarily related to(A) the increased probability of contact between different mating types.(B) the ability to form haustoria and parasitize other organisms.(C) avoiding sexual reproduction until environmental change occurs.(D) the potential to inhabit almost all terrestrial habitats.(E) an extensive surface area well suited for absorptive nutrition.

19. The distinction between the parazoans and eumetazoans is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of(A) mesoderm.(B) a complete digestive tract.(C) body cavities.(D) a circulatory system.(E) true tissues.

20. Which of the following was the least likely factor in the Cambrian explosion?(A) the accumulation of diverse adaptations such as shells and different modes of locomotion(B) the accumulation of sufficient atmospheric oxygen to support the more active metabolism of mobile animals(C) the movement of animals onto land(D) the evolution of fox genes that controlled development(E) the emergence of predator-prey relationships between animals

21. Which of the following subdivisions of the animal kingdom encompasses all the others in the list?(A) protostomes(B) bilateria(C) deuterostomes(D) pseudocoelomates(E) coelomates

22. Water movement through a sponge would follow what path?(A) choanocyte→ mesohyl →spongocoel(B) porocyte→ spongocoel→ osculum(C) colloblast →coelom→ porocyte(D) porocyte→choanocyte→mesohyl(E) blastopore→gastrovascular cavity→protostome

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