12. Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) is a triprotic acid with Calculate the concentration of in a 5.0 M H₃PO₄ solution.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

13. Potassium ferricyanide, K3[Fe(CN)6], exhibits a bright red color and can be used for developing photographic films. What is the oxidation state and the number of d electrons of Fe in this compound? (A) ; 5 d electrons (D) ; 6 d electrons (B) ; 3 d electrons (E) ; 4 d electrons (C) ; 6 d electrons

14. Continuing the previous question, how many unpaired d electrons are on iron if cyanide is a strong-field ligand? (A)0 (C) 2 (B) 1 (D) 3 (E) 4

15. Which following atomic orbital has the highest number of radial nodes? (A) 1s (B) 2p (C) 3s (D) 3p (E) 4d

16. According to quantum mechanics, all properties of a particle confined in a one-dimensional space (coordinate x) can be derived from its wavefunction ψ(x). Which of the following quantities informs the probability density of finding the particle at position x0? (A)ψ(x0) (B) |ψ(x0)|2 (C) (D) (E) None of the above

17. If λ₁ is the wavelength required to excite an electron in H from 2s to 4p level, what is the wavelength emitted by the same electron when relaxing from 4p back to 1s level? (A)λ1/5 (B)λ1/4 (C) λ1/2 (D) 2λ1 (Ε) 5λ1

18. Photodissociation of chlorine molecules (Cl2 + light 2 Cl‧) creates highly reactive chlorine radicals, which play important roles in chlorination of hydrocarbons, polymerization, and catalyzing the ozone decomposition reaction. According to the molecular orbital theory, what is the lowest-energy excitation pathway (initial MO → final MO) that causes a ground-state Cl2 molecule to dissociate? (Assuming the MO's have higher energy than the MO.) (A) (B)(C) (D) (Ε)

19. Which statement below is NOT correct? (A)Redox reactions with a positive △G0 would have a negative electromotive force (B) The electromotive force reaches a maximum value when the redox reaction is at equilibrium (C) The cell voltage of a galvanic cell may change with the ion concentrations in the cell (D) Electrolytic cells use electric energy to force non-spontaneous redox reactions to occur (E) The electromotive force of a galvanic cell is an intensive property

20. Shown to the right is a reaction coordinate diagram of an elementary reaction. Select the correct statement. (A) If the temperature is increased, k₁ will increase, and will decrease (B)k1 ＞ because the forward reaction has a higher activation energy (C) If the temperature is increased, k₁ will decrease, and will increase (D)k1 = when the system reaches equilibrium (E) The equilibrium constant K = k1/ 

21. Choose the salt(s) that, when dissolved in water, has pH ＜ 7 at 25°C. (A)KCI (B) NH4Cl (C) Fe(NO3)3 (D) NaNO3 (E) NaNO2

22. The titration curves for two acids (I and II, same sample volume) using the same standardized NaOH solution are shown to the right. Select all correct descriptions regarding the comparison between two acids. (A) Acid I is the stronger acid (B) Acid I has a higher original concentration than acid II (C) Both acids are monoprotic (D) Acid II can be used to prepare a buffer solution I pH II (E) When acid II is titrated to the equivalence point at 25°C, the pH of the solution would be larger than 7

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