13. What is the major effect or transition to make CO₂ a greenhouse gas?
(A) electronic transition
(B) molecular vibration
(C) molecular rotation
(D) molecular translation.

14. The root mean square speed of N2 at 300 K is about(A) 5170 m/s (B) 517 m/s (C) 51.7 m/s (D) 5.17 m/s.

15. Based on Gibbs Free Energy equation ΔG = ΔH − T ΔS, a process will occur spontaneously when(A) ΔG is positive and ΔS is positive (B) ΔH is positive and ΔT is negative(C) ΔH is negative and ΔS is positive (D) ΔH is negative and ΔS is negative

16. A catalyst is added to a system at equilibrium. The concentration of the reactants will then(A) decrease (B) increase (C) remain constant (D) approach zero

17. What is the limiting high-temperature molar heat capacity at constant volume (Cv) of O2 molecule?(A) 3/2 R (B) 5/2 R (C) 3 R (D) 7/2 R

18. The difference between the potential energy of the products and the potential energy of the reactants in areaction is called(A) The Temperature of Reaction (B) The Heat of Reaction(C) The Change of Reaction (D) The Exothermic Reaction

19. Which factors are equal in a reversible chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium?(A) The number of moles of the reactants and products(B) The potential energies of the reactants and products(C) The activation energies of the forward and reverse reactions(D) The rates of reaction for the forward and reverse reactions

20. A carbonyl group is present in all of these functional groups except(A) ketones (B) aldehydes (C) esters (D) ethers

21. After 62.0 hours, 1.0 gram of 42K (half-life is 12.4 hours) remained from a sample. What was the mass of42K in the original sample?(A) 64 grams (B) 32 grams (C) 16 grams (D) 8 grams

22. Of the statements below, which one can best explain why CH4 is a gas at STP, while C8H18 is a liquid and C20H42 is a solid? (A) C20H42 has the greatest ionic interaction between its molecules. (B) C8H18 has a greater amount of hydrogen bonding than CH4 or C20H42. (C) There is more dipole-dipole interaction between molecules of greater mass. (D) There are more Van der Waals (dispersion) forces between nonpolar molecules that are greater in mass.

23. w (work) is(A) less than zero(B) equal to zero(C) greater than zero(D) more information is needed.

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