16.
(A) These birds
(B) These functions
(C) These plants
(D) These systems

17. (A) this (B) that (C) every (D) each

18. (A) accommodates (B) exemplifies (C) inhabits (D) occupies 

19. Which of the following best captures the primary purpose of the passage? (A) To argue for the inclusion of sketching classes in all school curricula. (B) To compare the merits of black-and-white and color-based sketching techniques. (C) To provide a historical overview of monochrome art as a psychological therapy. (D) To explore how black-and-white sketching fosters self-confidence through core artistic practices.

20. The passage most strongly suggests which of the following about sketching in educational or therapeutic contexts? (A) It offers measurable psychological benefits that justify further exploration. (B) It can only be effective when taught by professional, award-winning artists. (C) It requires a color-rich environment to be most beneficial for beginning learners. (D) It should replace more advanced art forms, such as oil-painting, to improve student outcomes.

21. Which of the following best describes the overall structure of the passage? (A) A problem is introduced, followed by multiple proposed solutions. (B) An anecdote is offered, followed by an analysis of its broader implications. (C) A hypothesis is presented and supported with conceptual and pedagogical reasoning. (D) A set of historical events related to monochrome is reviewed in a chronological order.

22. Which of the following best explains why black-and-white sketching lowers barriers to entry, as described in paragraph 2? (A) By emphasizing imaginative expression over structural technique, beginners are free to disregard accuracy. (B) The restriction of color options simplifies initial decision-making, easing anxiety about artistic choices. (C) Relying on abstract forms, the method appeals primarily to those already comfortable with ambiguity. (D) Because the medium mandates mastery of contrast, it raises the technical floor required for entry.

23. What does the author imply in paragraph 3 by describing tonal value mastery as a “concrete measure of progress”? (A) It substitutes for feedback from art teachers and peers. (B) It validates artistic competence through exhibition opportunities. (C) It helps learners track their development through observable skills. (D) It reflects beginners’ emotional expressiveness rather than technical skill.

24. According to paragraph 4, what psychological function does the growing portfolio of sketches serve for the developing artist? (A) The portfolio affirms the artist’s progress by offering visible evidence of both skill development and personal investment. (B) The sketches illustrate the artist’s changing preferences in subject matter rather than any growth in technical control. (C) The accumulation of work encourages a backward-looking mindset that may hinder creative risk-taking. (D) The visual archive reinforces routine but does little to advance an understanding of artistic intention.

25. Which of the following best describes the function of the sentence “This direct correlation between effort and outcome creates a clear pathway for learning and improvement” in paragraph 4? (A) It critiques common methods of art instruction. (B) It introduces a new topic unrelated to sketching. (C) It summarizes the psychological drawbacks of sketching. (D) It clarifies the mechanism by which sketching builds self-confidence.

1.有關拉塞福原子模型(Rutherford model)的敘述何者    錯誤    ？ (A)原子由原子核與核外電子組成 (B)電子以圓形軌道繞原子核運轉 (C)原子核帶正電 (D)原子核占有原子大部份空間

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