16. Which of the following is the most common type of histone modification?
(A) lysine ε-amino methylation
(B) serine O-phosphorylation
(C) lysine N-phosphorylation
(D) histidine N-phosphorylation
(E) acetylation

17. Histone acetylation can occur in the (A) nucleus. (B) cytoplasm. (C) ER lumen. (D) nucleus and cytoplasm. (E) nucleus, cytoplasm, and ER lumen.

18. The first two bases and the last two bases in the splicing signal consensus sequence are (A) GT-AG (B) GT-TG (C) CU-AG (D) GU-AG (E) GU-AC

19. Which of the following is NOT a function of the mRNA cap? (A) protects the mRNA from degradation (B) enhances translatability of the mRNA (C) enhances transport of the mRNA to the cytoplasm (D) enhances splicing of the mRNA (E) helps regulate expression of the mRNA

複選題20. Which of the following processes occurs post-transcriptionally? (A) Cap addition (B) adenosine deamination (C) Poly（Ａ） addition (D) promoter clearance (E) unwinding 

1. Regions of the 5'-UTRs of mRNAs that alter their structures to control gene expression are called (A) Enhancers (B) Operators (C) Leader sequences (D) Riboswitches (E).UP elements

2. Which of the following statements is   correct   about a pair of lac operons with the following merodiploid genotype in E. coli strain? : a mutation in the operator that makes it defective in binding repressor) (A) The mutation is cis-dominant. (B) Both operons are uninducible. (C) This merodiploid is a complete diploid bacterium. (D) lac products cannot be produced in the absence of lactose. (E) The repressor binds irreversibly to both operators.

3. Which of the following statement is   not correct   regarding the sigma-factor? (A) The 2.4 region has an a-helix domain. (B) It determines rifampicin sensitivity or resistance. (C) It can bind with core polymerase to form RNA polymerase holoenzyme. (D) Subregions 2.4 and 4.2 are involved in promoter recognition. (E) Interaction with the core enzyme unmasks the DNA-binding region.

4. Which of the following is mostly likely to occur when phage infection occurs in B. subtilis? (A) Use of host σ (sigma factor) for late stage of transcription. (B) Reduction of endospore formation. (C) Complex sigma-switching. (D) Complete shutdown of transcription. (E) Use of host RNA polymerase holoenzyme for late stage of transcription.

5. Which of the following is   not correct   regarding rho-dependent terminators? (A) Rho is a hexamer of identical subunits. (B) Rho binds directly to RNA polymerase. (C) Rho has helicase activity. (D) They consist of inverted repeats. (E) They contain several T's in the non-template strand.

6. Which of the following techniques is most useful in determining if RNA polymerase has initiated transcription from the lac DNA template? (A) Run-off transcription assay. (B) Southern analysis. (C) DNA fingerprinting. (D) Filter binding assay. (E) DNA sequencing.

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