18. You have equal masses of different solutes dissolved in equal volumes of solution. Which of the solutes would make the solution having the highest molar concentration?
(A) NaOH
(B) KCl
(C) KOH
(D) LiOH
(E) all the same

19. When a hydrogen electron goes from n = 2 to n = 1, the energy of the light emitted is equal to what fraction of its ground-state ionization energy? (A) 3/4 (B) 1/2 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/8 (E) 1/9

20. Consider the following representation of a 2p-orbital: Which of the following statements best describes the movement of electrons in a p-orbital? (A) The electrons move along the outer surface of the p-orbital, similar to a figure “8” type of movement. (B) The electrons move within the two lobes of the p-orbital, but never beyond the outside surface of the orbital. (C) The electrons are concentrated at the center (node) of the two lobes. (D) The electrons are only moving in one lobe at any given time. (E) The electron movement cannot be exactly determined.

21. The hybridization of the central atom in XeF5+ is: (A) sp (B) sp2 (C) sp3 (D) dsp3 (E) d2sp3

22. If four orbitals on one atom overlap four orbitals on a second atom, how many molecular orbitals will form? (A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16 (E) none of these

23. When comparing Be2 and H2: I. Be2 is more stable because it contains both bonding and antibonding valence electrons. II. H2 has a higher bond order than Be2. III. H2 is more stable because it only contains σ1s electrons. IV. H2 is more stable because it is diamagnetic, whereas Be2 is paramagnetic. (A) I, II (B) III only (C) II, III (D) II, III, IV (E) III, IV

24. For the following molecules, how many of them would decrease the bond order if you add one electron to the neutral molecule? B2, C2, P2, F2 (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

25. A species has the following MO configuration:  (A) paramagnetic with one unpaired electron (B) paramagnetic with two unpaired electrons (C) paramagnetic with three unpaired electrons (D) paramagnetic with four unpaired electrons (E) diamagnetic

26. Choose the correct statement about the diagram below. (A) The diagram is qualitatively correct for water. (B) The diagram shows that the melting point of the solid increases with increasing pressure. (C) The diagram shows the triple point above 1 atm pressure. (D) The diagram could represent the phase diagram of CO2. (E) None of the above statements is correct.

27. For each of the following pairs of substances, select the one expected to have the lower melting point: I. H2O, H2S II. HCl, NaCl III. CH4, C3H8 (A) H2O, HCl, C3H8 (B) H2O, NaCl, C3H8 (C) H2O, HCl, CH4 (D) H2S, HCl, CH4 (E) H2S, NaCl, CH4

28. Which of the following intermolecular forces exist in all solid substances? (A) Dispersion forces (B) Dipole-dipole forces (C) Covalent bonding (D) Hydrogen bonding (E) Ion-induced dipole forces

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