22. In which of the following structures of a plant are apical meristems found?
(A) only in roots
(B) only in shoots
(C) in both roots and shoots
(D) in pollen

23. In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to seed-producing plants? (A) Pollen (B) lignin present in cell walls (C) megaphylls (D) sporopollenin

24. Which of the following functions is an advantage of seeds compared to spores? (A) using wind as a dispersal agent (B) relying on animals for pollination (C) providing nutrition for animals (D) containing a nutrient store for a developing sporophyte

25. If you were shipping green bananas to a supermarket thousands of miles away, removing which of the following chemicals from the plants' environment will best prevent premature fruit ripening? (A) Auxin (B) Ethylene (C) Cytokinins (D) carbon dioxide

26. Immature seed cones of conifers are usually green before pollination, and flowers of grasses are inconspicuously colored. What does this indicate about how they are pollinated? (A) Their pollinating insects are probably color blind. (B) They probably attract pollinators using strong fragrances. (C) They probably self-fertilize and do not need pollen carried from one plant to another. (D) They are probably wind pollinated.

複選題27. Which of the following problems will likely increase if the human population continues to increase? (A) increase in disease-causing organisms (B) reduction in available medicines (C) reduction in plant and animal diversity (D) decrease in global temperature

28. Which of the following could best be investigated by measuring fruit production in plants? (A) primary productivity (B) pollination success (C) phototropism (D) seed dispersal success

29. Auxins frequently interact with other plant hormones to cause a particular process. Which of the following processes is attributed ONLY to auxin? (A) apical dominance (B) phototropism (C) fruit development (D) xylem differentiation

30. Which of the following is the best argument for pursuing plant biotechnology? (A) Genetically modified (GM) plants can provide greater plant productivity on the same amount of land. (B) Genetic engineering can make it easier to overcome pollination incompatibility. (C) GM plants can reduce reliance on imported oil. (D) Genetic engineering can decrease genetic diversity of crop plants making them more fit for their environment.

31. If a long-day plant has a critical night length of 9 hours, which 24-hour cycle would prevent flowering? (A) 14 hours light/10 hours dark (B) 4 hours light/8 hours dark/4 hours light/8 hours dark (C) 8 hours light/8 hours dark/light flash/8 hours dark (D) 16 hours light/8 hours dark

32. Two evolutionarily unrelated plant species may live within the same type of biome but on different continents. Which of the following mechanisms would most likely result in these two species having similar traits? (A) gene flow (B) convergent evolution (C) introgression (D) allopatric speciation

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