23. The AG values for the two reactions shown below are given.
(A) -34.1 kJ/mol
(B) -32.2 kJ/mol
(C) -30.3 kJ/mol
(D) +61.9 kJ/mol

24. How many heme groups does cytochrome aa3 contain? (A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 4

25. Consider the section of the TCA cycle in which isocitrate is converted to fumarate. This segment of the TCA cycle can be best described by which one of the following statements? (A) These reactions yield 5 moles of high energy phosphate bonds per mole of isocitrate. (B) These reactions require a coenzyme synthesized in the human from niacin (nicotinamide) (C) These reactions are catalyzed by enzymes located solely in the mitochondrial membrane. (D) These reactions require GTP to drive one of the reactions.

26. In the TCA cycle, a role for thiamine pyrophosphate is which one of the following?(A) To accept electrons from the oxidation of pyruvate and a-ketoglutarate(B) To accept electrons from the oxidation of isocitrate(C) To form a covalent intermediate with the a-carbon of a-ketoglutarate(D) To form a thioester with the sulfhydryl group of CoASH

27. Which one of the following cofactors or enzyme complexes would be most affected by this condition? (A) The concentration of NAD* (B)The concentration of FAD (C) The concentration of coenzyme Q (D)The functioning of the cytochrome-containing components of complex III

28. To reverse the symptoms described, a diet rich in which one of the following food should be recommended? (A) Green, leafy vegetables (B) Whole grains and meat (C) Citrus fruits (D) Chocolate cake

29. A firefighter is brought to the emergency room (ER) from the scene of a fire, and he complains of headaches, weakness, confusion, and difficulty in breathing. His skin and mucous membranes appear very pink/red. The causative agent of these symptoms inhibits electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation by which one of the following mechanisms? (A) Uncoupling of electron transport and phosphorylation (B) Combining with NADH dehydrogenase (C) Combining with cytochrome oxidase (D) Combining with coenzyme Q

30. Which one of the following metabolites does the pentose phosphate pathway generate? (A) NADH, which may be used for fatty acid synthesis. (B)Pyruvate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by the direct action of transaldolase and transketolase. (C) Ribose-5-phosphate, which may be used for the biosynthesis of ATP. (D) Glucose from ribose-5-phosphate and CO2.

31. Which one of the following occurs during the conversion of pyruvate to glucose during gluconeogenesis? (A) Biotin is required as a cofactor. (B) The carbon of CO2, added in one reaction, appears in the final product. (C) Energy is utilized only in the form of GTP. (D) All of the reactions occur in the cytosol.

32. An individual in the basal metabolic state ingests a large amount of glucose. If he/she displays a normal response, this ingestion results in which one of the following? (A) Enhanced glycogen synthase activity in liver (B) An increased ratio of phosphorylase a to phosphorylase b in the liver (C) Inhibition of PP-1 activity in the liver (D) Increased activity of CREB

33. Which of the following clinical condition can the deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cause? (A) Pernicious anemia (B) Hemolytic anemia (C) Hemorrhages (D) Blindness

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